Still haven't found the answer to your question?
Please feel free to contact our customer service team directly with your specific enquiry, or submit a service request using our form.
The key answers to your questions – short and to the point
No matching questions found.
The theoretical maximum suction head is 10.33 m – directly dependent on atmospheric pressure (1,033 hPa = standard). For technical reasons, only a suction head of around 7 to 8 m can be achieved. From this, you must also deduct the pressure losses in the pump, connecting pipes and fittings. Factors relating to the fluid (e.g. vapour pressure, density, viscosity) may further reduce the maximum suction head.
A drop in pressure within a flowing liquid – caused, for example, by pipe friction, changes in absolute velocity or changes in geodetic height – leads to the formation of localised vapour bubbles within the liquid when the static pressure falls to the vapour pressure of the liquid. The vapour bubbles are carried along by the flow and collapse abruptly when, along the flow path, the static pressure rises above the vapour pressure again due to an increase in pressure within the pump. This process is known as cavitation. The collapse of the vapour bubbles results in the formation of micro-jets, which cause pitted material damage when they strike wall surfaces. To prevent cavitation, it is therefore essential to ensure that the pressure is maintained correctly. If the inlet pressure available in the system – also known as static pressure – falls below the head required by the pump, appropriate measures must be taken to at least establish a balance. The following measures are recommended:
Materials used for gland packing include, for example, high-quality synthetic yarns such as Kevlar® or Twaron®, PTFE, expanded graphite yarns, synthetic mineral fibre yarns, and natural fibre braids such as hemp, cotton or ramie. The packing material is available by the metre or as moulded rings, in a dry form or impregnated with substances tailored to the intended application. When supplied by the metre, a ring is first cut to size and shaped. The packing ring is then fitted around the pump shaft and pressed into place using the packing gland.
Air in a suction pipe always accumulates at the ‘relatively highest’ point. A pump with standard suction is not capable of drawing water over a ‘hill’. For this reason, suction pipes are always laid so that they rise steadily towards the pump, to prevent ‘air pockets’ from forming.
Notes on suction pipes:
A self-priming pump requires a sufficient amount of water in the pump casing. Only then can it draw air from the suction pipe. You must therefore fill your self-priming pump with water right up to the suction connection. If you do not do this, the pump may be damaged by running dry. Furthermore, you should not interrupt the priming phase by repeatedly switching the pump on and off, as this will cause the process to start all over again.
The mechanical seal consists of various wear parts. It seals the pump between the casing and the motor, thereby preventing water from leaking towards the motor. It is normal for a few drops of water to leak from time to time, particularly during the running-in period. If the water leakage persists, the mechanical seal is faulty.
The sealing area of the mechanical seal consists of two flat-ground, low-wear surfaces (e.g. silicon carbide or carbon rings) which are pressed together by axial forces. The rotating ring (dynamic) rotates with the shaft, whilst the stationary ring (static) is fixed in the housing. A thin film of water forms between the sealing surfaces, which serves to lubricate and cool the system. Dry running leads to immediate failure. O-rings made from various elastomers are used as secondary seals.
Wear parts are all the sealing and rotating components of a pump. These include the mechanical seal, O-rings, flat gaskets, the impeller and the ball bearings. These wear parts are generally excluded from the warranty.
Please ensure that repairs are carried out only by a trained professional!
A self-priming pump is capable of conveying air and gas. It can automatically vent the suction pipe (remove air). The pump must be filled with liquid before commissioning.
The sealing area of the mechanical seal consists of two flat-ground, low-wear surfaces (e.g. silicon carbide or carbon rings) which are pressed together by axial forces. The rotating ring (dynamic) rotates with the shaft, whilst the stationary ring (static) is fixed in the housing. A thin film of water forms between the sealing surfaces, which serves to lubricate and cool the system. Dry running leads to immediate failure. O-rings made from various elastomers are used as secondary seals.
A drop in pressure within a flowing liquid – caused, for example, by pipe friction, changes in absolute velocity or changes in geodetic height – leads to the formation of localised vapour bubbles within the liquid when the static pressure falls to the vapour pressure of the liquid. The vapour bubbles are carried along by the flow and collapse abruptly when, along the flow path, the static pressure rises above the vapour pressure again due to an increase in pressure within the pump. This process is known as cavitation. The collapse of the vapour bubbles results in the formation of micro-jets, which cause pitted material damage when they strike wall surfaces. To prevent cavitation, it is therefore essential to ensure that the pressure is maintained correctly. If the inlet pressure available in the system – also known as static pressure – falls below the head required by the pump, appropriate measures must be taken to at least establish a balance. The following measures are recommended:
Yes, this is absolutely essential to prevent pressure surges and damage to the system.
Sizing of the water treatment plant:
Compared with public swimming pools, private swimming pools are subjected to comparatively low and intermittent loads from bathers. It is therefore appropriate to base the calculation of the minimum flow rate
(Q = m³/h) of the water treatment system based on the pool volume (V = volume in m³) and the circulation time (t = time taken for a single circulation of the pool in hours).
The formula is: Q = V : t
To ensure that the pool water is hygienically safe for bathers, the flow rate for the pool water treatment system and the filter running time must be carefully determined. The flow rate is calculated based on the pool volume, the number of daily pool circulations and the location of the pool. The pool volume is usually completely circulated once every four to six hours.
This gives the following formula:
Q = V : TB _______ [m³/h]
Q = filter flow rate [m³/h]
V = pool volume [m³]
TB = circulation time of the pool volume [h],
for an outdoor pool: TB = 4 h
for indoor pools TB = 6 h
The daily filter running time should be at least 12 hours. Depending on the actual load on the pool and other external factors, such as strong sunlight, the daily filter running time should be extended.
Low load taken into account:
Average load taken into account:
Higher pollution levels taken into account:
Relatively large pools are not usually subjected to such high loads, so the circulation time can be set slightly longer – up to around seven hours. Smaller pools, which are expected to be subject to higher loads, should be circulated in three or four hours.
To ensure adequate pool water circulation, effective heating and the operation of a floor cleaning device, the flow rate should not be less than 5 m³/h.
If the design of the treatment plant, the respective bathing load and water quality permit, the plant may be operated with intervals. If a plant is subjected to a heavier load than expected due to temporary high utilisation or unfavourable environmental influences, it must in any case be operated continuously. Particular attention must be paid to monitoring the pH value, ensuring an adequate addition of disinfectant and, where necessary depending on the filter system, the use of flocculants.
Swimming pools with overflow channels should always be fitted with pumps of greater capacity
. The higher flow rates ensure that the water flows evenly over the pool edge – even where there are small differences in horizontal height.
Unlike hemp, Teflon tapes do not swell when they come into contact with water. As swimming pool circulation pumps are made of plastic, no sealing materials must be used that could cause the plastic parts to crack and thus result in damage. As a rule, the suction and discharge connections are secured by reinforcement rings. Nevertheless, cracks may occur if the wrong materials are used.
In most cases, swimming pool water is purified using sand filters. These must be backwashed regularly to loosen the sand bed and discharge filtered-out impurities into the waste water. Filter backwash fittings perform the various operational functions via special 6-way valves, which you must adjust manually. An electronic BADU backwash valve from the BADU OmniTronic range performs this task much more easily and conveniently – as it operates fully automatically.
A self-priming pump is capable of conveying air and gas. It can automatically vent the suction pipe (remove air). The pump must be filled with liquid before commissioning.
The theoretical maximum suction head is 10.33 m – directly dependent on atmospheric pressure (1,033 hPa = standard). For technical reasons, only a suction head of around 7 to 8 m can be achieved. From this, you must also deduct the pressure losses in the pump, connecting pipes and fittings. Factors relating to the fluid (e.g. vapour pressure, density, viscosity) may further reduce the maximum suction head.
For physical reasons, the pump cannot handle any air (e.g. air in the suction pipe) if there is no water in the pump casing. However, to enable a self-priming pump to evacuate any air present in the suction pipe when the system is started up, it is necessary to fill the pump with water up to the suction connection. Otherwise, the pump may be damaged by running dry. Please do not interrupt the priming process by repeatedly switching the pump on and off. Otherwise, the process will start again from the beginning. Depending on the length of the pipework, the priming process may take up to 15 minutes.
The range of pumps manufactured today is generally very wide. When it comes to swimming pool filtration and
circulation, we limit ourselves to centrifugal pumps. Here, we distinguish between two key types: normal-suction and self-priming pumps.
In the swimming pool sector, we also distinguish between pumps for private use and those for public, municipal swimming pools. These different areas of application place certain demands on the circulation pumps used, which are explained below.
Self-priming pumps:
For private swimming pools, self-priming, horizontal, single-stage centrifugal pumps with a radial pressure connection are generally used.
The filter pump draws the contaminated water – raw water – from the swimming pool via surface skimmers, floor drains or overflow basins, cleans it through a downstream filter system and returns it to the swimming pool as clean water.
The pump unit usually has a hair and fibre strainer on the suction side, which protects the pump from coarse contaminants. This must be cleaned regularly. The frequency of cleaning depends on the degree of contamination, which in turn results from the level of contamination in the pool water and environmental factors. With plastic pumps featuring a transparent filter cover, it is relatively quick and easy to determine when cleaning is required by visual inspection, as there is no need to remove the cover over the filter first.
What distinguishes self-priming pumps from standard-suction pumps is the fact that, once filled with water via the lid opening, they can evacuate the suction line automatically. This means that, unlike standard-suction pumps, these pumps can draw in air.
These filter pumps can be used above the water level without any concerns. However, it is advantageous for filter systems to be installed below the water level.
The end user benefits most from a self-priming pump when they wish to remove debris from the bottom of their pool using a manual pool vacuum and there is still air in the suction line. The self-priming pump can evacuate this air on its own.
Normal-suction pumps:
Unlike self-priming pumps, normal-suction pumps cannot draw in air. This means that, in practical operation, these pumps must generally be installed below the water level. It must be ensured that water can always flow into the normal-suction pump unaided. If this is not guaranteed, it can lead to a disruption in the flow and the pump will, sooner or later, cease to function.
Air in a suction pipe always collects at the ‘highest’ point. For this reason, suction pipes must always be laid so that they rise steadily towards the pump, to prevent ‘air pockets’ from forming.
Notes on suction pipes:
The two digits following the abbreviation ‘IP’ indicate the protection class to which the product belongs. The meaning of the digits is set out in the table below. If one of the two digits does not need to be specified, it is replaced by the letter X (for example, ‘IPX1’).
The letters IP stand for ‘Ingress Protection’ and the XX are interpreted as follows:
1st digit: Protection against contact / protection
against foreign objects 2nd digit: Protection against water
Rating 1 for protection against contact / protection against foreign objects:
IP0X: Neither protection against contact nor protection against foreign objects
IP1X: Protection against the back of the hand. Protection against foreign objects with a diameter > 50 mm
IP2X: Protection against fingers. Protection against foreign objects with a diameter > 12 mm
IP3X: Protection against contact with tools (test specimen: 12 mm in diameter, 100 mm long). Protection against foreign objects with a diameter > 2.5 mm
IP4X: Protection against tools and similar objects. Protection against foreign objects with a diameter > 1 mm
IP5X: Complete protection against contact. Protection against harmful dust accumulation inside
IP6X: Complete protection against contact. Protection against the ingress of dust (dust-tight)
Rating 2 for water protection:
IPX0: Not protected against ingress of water
IPX1: Protected against vertically falling dripping water
IPX2: Protected against water droplets falling at an angle (15° from the vertical)
IPX3: Protected against spray water (up to 60° from the vertical)
IPX4: Protected against splashing water
IPX5: Protected against water jets (from all directions)
IPX6: Protected against water ingress during temporary submersion
IPX7: Protected against water ingress when submerged
IPX8: Protected against water ingress when submerged for an indefinite period
IPX9 K: Protected against water ingress from any direction, even when subjected to significantly increased pressure against the housing. (High-pressure/steam jet cleaners, 80–100 bar)
Frost is usually the cause of cracked casing parts. However, damage can also occur if there are stressed pipework sections or if the suction and discharge pipes have been installed incorrectly (e.g. using an unauthorised Hanf seal instead of Teflon tape as standard). Excessive internal pressure within the casing is also a possibility (e.g. due to the unauthorised connection of a make-up pressurised water supply).
The quality guarantee, which you receive from specialist swimming pool retailers, applies to the BADU Prime and BADU Bronze ranges. Wear-and-tear parts and improper operation are excluded from this 5-year quality guarantee. Your local swimming pool specialist will be happy to provide you with further details.
As a general rule, circulation pumps can draw in water from a head of up to 3 m. Care must be taken to ensure that the suction pipework is leak-free. However, the length and dimensions of the suction pipework, as well as the pump type (standard or self-priming), also depend on this.
BADU products are only available from specialist retailers. You can find a company near you here, for example.
SPECK Pumps regularly inspects all its products and also has them tested by independent bodies. Various current test and certification marks confirm their high level of safety and quality. State-of-the-art technology, compliance with standards and verified safety are therefore standard at BADU. You will find the CE, GS and other marks on BADU products. We would be happy to provide you with further information about these marks.
Wear parts are all the sealing and rotating components of a pump. These include the mechanical seal, O-rings, flat seals, the impeller and the ball bearings. Unfortunately, wear parts are also excluded from the warranty at BADU, as mechanical wear is physically unavoidable during use – just as you would replace the tyres on your car when they are worn out.
Every BADU product has a unique model number. You will usually find this on the nameplate on the pump casing. This is where you can find all the important information.
The standard two-year EU warranty period is widely recognised.
SPECK Pumps guarantees that the product will function for at least two years when used and installed in accordance with its intended purpose. This is subject to the specifications and instructions in the installation, operating and maintenance manual(s), the pump data sheet and the guidelines for wear parts being observed and followed.
In addition to the statutory warranty period, SPECK Pumps offers a 5-year quality guarantee for the various models in the BADU Premium pump series: BADU Delta, BADU Profi, BADU Prime and BADU Bronze. This voluntary warranty extension, offered as a quality commitment, applies to pumps installed by specialist contractors for end customers in Germany, Austria or Switzerland. A 5-year quality guarantee cannot be offered for pumps that were not purchased through specialist retailers!
To be eligible, you must register the pump no later than 3 months after installation, and the details provided must be accurate. You can find the full warranty terms and conditions here.
If you have any questions regarding the warranty, or in the event of a complaint and/or damage, we are happy to offer advice and assistance. Naturally, we will also help you to resolve any issues professionally. To do so, please provide us with the serial number or the exact model, as well as details of the pump’s use and installation. Our sales and service team will be happy to assist you!
A three-phase motor has three windings. If one of the windings fails – for example, because one phase of the supply cable has failed – the motor continues to run with an excessive current draw. This condition is known as two-phase operation, during which the motor may eventually overheat and burn out.
A motor protection circuit breaker set to the rated current should be used for monitoring. If the circuit breaker trips repeatedly – cutting off the power supply to the motor – a qualified technician should be consulted. In the event of repeated tripping, the motor protection circuit breaker must never be reset in quick succession, as this will damage the windings.
The mechanical seal must be replaced by a qualified technician! To do this, switch off the pump and disconnect it completely from the mains supply. The mechanical seal can only ever be replaced in its entirety. It is not necessary to remove the entire pump for this purpose. Simply remove the motor unit from the housing by loosening the eight shear bolts. The procedure varies depending on the model, as follows:
Taking the BADU Magna as an example:
The impeller is screwed onto the motor shaft (right-hand thread!). Insert a screwdriver into the slot in the motor shaft (on the fan side), hold it firmly and unscrew the impeller. The casing cover does not need to be unscrewed from the motor.
The counter ring is levered out using a large screwdriver (e.g. size 10) by pressing against its outer wall. Now lightly moisten the sleeve of the complete counter ring with soapy water and press the new mechanical seal into place evenly using both thumbs. Before refitting the impeller, clean the sliding surfaces of the counter ring and the mechanical seal with methylated spirits and a tissue. If the housing cover has nevertheless been removed from the motor, take care during assembly not to overtighten the plastic screws. Tightening torque: 1 Nm = ‘hand-tight’.
Using the BADU Delta as an example:
Unscrew the impeller cap with the O-ring. Press the impeller off the motor shaft using an M 6 x 50 screw (BADU Delta 9 to BADU Delta 17) or an M 10 x 50 screw (BADU Delta 22 to BADU Delta 28). To do this, hold the impeller firmly by hand and screw in the screw. Lightly moisten the impeller hub and the sleeve of the complete counter ring with soapy water, then use both thumbs to press the mechanical seal onto the impeller hub or to press the counter ring into the seal housing. Before refitting the impeller, clean the sliding surfaces of the counter ring and the mechanical seal with methylated spirits and a tissue.
First, screw the impeller cap, together with the O-ring, into the impeller hub. Then press the impeller onto the impeller cap as far as it will go – applying as uniform a pressing force as possible. To absorb the reaction force, the end of the motor shaft (centre of the fan cowl) must be positioned against or supported. Otherwise, the pressing force will put strain on the ball bearing!
The following applies
to both examples:
Before screwing the eight self-tapping screws back in, first turn them anti-clockwise until the cut thread engages again, then tighten them. Please ensure that the screws are not overtightened. Tightening torque: 7 Nm. Do not use excessive force!
It is advisable to carry out a simple visual inspection on site at regular intervals to detect any leaks (water seepage) and prevent consequential damage. Moisture ingress can cause damage to the drive motor, the electrical system or the installation compartment.
The mechanical seal consists of various wear parts. It seals the pump between the pump casing and the shaft, thereby preventing water from leaking towards the motor. It is normal for a few drops of water to leak from time to time, particularly during the running-in period. If the water leakage persists, the mechanical seal is faulty. This can be caused by a number of factors: the pump running dry, dirt, or wear and tear resulting from prolonged use and the age of the mechanical seal.
You must completely drain swimming pool collectors at the end of the swimming season to prevent frost damage. For collectors on flat roofs or roofs with a pitch of up to 30°, open the collector connectors and lift the panels one by one until all the water has drained out of the collectors.
It’s quite simple: drain the pump via the drain plug, then store it in a dry, frost-free place. Cover it with a cloth to protect it from dust.
BADU pumps are generally maintenance-free. To ensure a consistent flow rate and effective filtration of the swimming pool water, all you need to do is clean the pump’s suction strainer at regular intervals. A quick visual check from time to time – that’s all.
Built-in counter-current systems in outdoor swimming pools are easy to protect against frost damage during the winter months: lower the water level in your swimming pool to the lower edge of the suction connection. Remove the pump and store it in a dry room. Leave the ball valves half-open so that the cavities can drain.
One of the components of a mechanical seal is the rubber bellows. If this tears, the sealing surfaces have probably become stuck together. This can happen if the pump has not been in operation for a long time. It is therefore advisable, after a prolonged period of inactivity, to first turn the pump shaft by hand to check that it turns freely. Please refer to the section ‘Initial commissioning’ in the operating instructions.
In the event of damage, the entire mechanical seal must be replaced and the system/pump checked for a possible cause of the fault, as described above.
A self-priming pump requires a sufficient amount of water in the pump casing. Only then can it draw air from the suction pipe. You must therefore fill your self-priming BADU pump with water up to the suction connection. If you do not do this, the pump may be damaged by running dry. Furthermore, you should not interrupt the priming phase by repeatedly switching the pump on and off, as this will cause the process to start all over again.
After a prolonged period of inactivity (e.g. after winter), check that your BADU pump runs smoothly before switching it on. To do this, gently turn the motor shaft using a screwdriver on the motor’s fan. If the motor has seized up over the months, this will clear the blockage. Only if your pump still feels stiff or makes unusual noises afterwards should you have it checked by a qualified technician.
There are no standard dimensions for this. However, the following applies: the further away the pump is installed from the swimming pool, the larger the suction and discharge pipes must be to compensate for the resulting friction losses.
If the pump is installed above the water level, the suction pipe must be laid below the water level and only routed upwards shortly before reaching the pump. Where the pump is installed above the water level, it is advisable to fit a foot valve into the suction pipe. This prevents the suction pipe from emptying when the pump is at a standstill.
However, during the planning stage, care should be taken to ensure that the suction and discharge pipes are as short as possible. This helps to avoid potential sources of error in the system. It reduces the priming time, which depends on the volume of air in the suction pipe. With very long suction pipes, the priming time can be as long as 12 minutes. Important: The shorter the pipework, the better the priming performance and the smoother the subsequent operation will be.
With the free BADU Green App from SPECK Pumpen, we provide you with a payback calculator that makes it easy to compare the energy efficiency of conventional pool pumps with that of variable-speed models. The tool takes into account the specific conditions at the installation site. The app also makes it incredibly easy to calculate the energy requirements for your own application. This means you’re always up to date and can keep a close eye on your energy costs.
Here’s an overview of the app’s benefits:
Compare pool pumps
With the BADU Green App, we provide you with a powerful tool that allows you to compare the energy efficiency of conventional and variable-speed pool pumps. You’ll have access to the full BADU Green pump range, making it incredibly easy to find the right pump type for your requirements.
Calculate the payback period
Everyone wants to save energy – especially in times of rising energy costs.
The BADU Green App provides answers to questions such as ‘Is the necessary investment actually worth it?’ or ‘How much money will I actually save by replacing a non-variable-speed pump with a variable-speed swimming pool pump?’
Calculate energy consumption
It’s also incredibly easy to work out the energy consumption of a pump that’s already installed using the BADU Green App. The app takes into account the specific conditions at its location. This means you’re always up to date and can keep an eye on your energy costs.
With the BADU Green App, you can see in just a few steps when the investment will pay for itself.
Link to the app for tablet computers:
https://badugreen.speck-pumps.com/
Yes, with swimming pool pumps from the BADU Green series, it is possible to individually adjust the speed to suit the specific conditions of your own pool. This can be achieved using variable-speed pumps and offers several advantages:
Depending on the pool’s requirements – such as during cleaning, filtration or the use of water features (e.g. splash showers, waterfalls, bubbling fountains) – the pump’s speed can be adjusted to meet these needs.
By adjusting the speed, the pump’s service life can be extended, as it is not operated continuously at maximum speed – in other words, ‘at full throttle’.
24-hour circulation of the swimming pool water: The pump can be operated at a lower speed – Level 1 – during the night. This ensures the pool water remains constantly in motion and prevents the pool filter from becoming contaminated.
Filter operation: During filter backwashing, a higher speed is required in the filter. The pump can also run more slowly during filter operation, which allows the filter media to work more effectively. As a result, impurities in the pool water are filtered out much more effectively. This means that fewer treatment chemicals, particularly disinfectants, are required in the pool. None of this is a problem for variable-speed pumps, as different operating modes can be individually adapted to the respective conditions.
For higher salt concentrations, please consult us.
As various operating modes can be set on the pump, it is advisable to select speed level 3 for daytime operation, even if, for example, solar panels are installed on the roof. Or for filter backwashing, which requires a higher speed in the filter.
Using three figures – at the same operating point – we compare a pump with an asynchronous motor to a variable-speed pump to illustrate the energy savings:
Frequency-controlled pump Standard pump with an asynchronous motor
Circulation capacity 11,000 litres Circulation capacity 11,000 litres
Current 2.20 amps Current 2.92 amps
Power 506 watts Power 671.6 watts
Together with Pool Power Shop, we have recorded an audio demonstration for you. Take a look at this video www.youtube.com/watch?v=I0egbzU-Jb0 and hear for yourself the difference in noise levels. By then at the latest, you won’t want to be without a speed-controlled BADU Green circulation pump from SPECK!
You can find
further information on this topic here: www.youtube.com/watch?v=I0egbzU-Jb0 – “Frequency-controlled pool pumps. Why they’re worth the investment”
The key difference lies in how the pump’s flow rate can be adjusted to the requirements of your pool system. Conventional pool pumps are usually driven by a robust, low-maintenance induction motor and operate at a fixed speed without any additional control technology. This speed remains largely constant during operation – even when a lower flow rate would suffice.
With a speed-controlled pool pump, the speed can be adjusted electronically. This allows you to tailor the flow rate to different tasks: a lower speed is often sufficient for regular filtration, whilst higher performance is required, for example, when backwashing the filter. Speed-controlled pool pumps from BADU combine a highly efficient permanent magnet motor with integrated speed control for this purpose.
Demand-based operation offers two main advantages: lower electricity consumption and quieter operation at reduced speed. Even a moderate reduction in speed can significantly lower energy consumption and thus reduce running costs. The actual savings achieved depend on the pool system, the selected settings and the running times. It is crucial that the necessary water circulation and the required flow rates for filters, heating and other components are maintained.
Suitable conventional pumps with three-phase motors can also be operated at variable speeds via an external frequency converter. Whether such retrofitting is possible depends on the specific motor and the system.
Provided the pool’s hydraulic system allows it, the pump can be operated at a reduced speed during the day (daytime operation) and at an even lower speed at night (night-time reduction) when running a 24-hour cycle, resulting in significant savings (in electricity consumption). This leads to better filtration results than with a 12-hour operation.
Furthermore, as a side effect of this balanced operation, the pump’s service life is extended, thereby enhancing sustainability, as the need for a replacement will not arise until much later.
The switch from a conventional pump with an asynchronous motor to a variable-speed pump pays for itself within 2 to 4 years, depending on the pump’s capacity and operating time.
It is not possible to give a general, more specific timeframe for when the purchase of a new variable-speed pump becomes worthwhile, as this depends on individual circumstances.
However, the free BADU Green App from SPECK provides you with a tool that allows you to thoroughly investigate precisely this question and calculate the payback period. Using the BADU Green App, you can easily see when an investment in a new variable-speed pump pays off and how much energy can be saved compared to your currently installed pump.
Using the four sliders in the BADU Green App
You can set the parameters for your current circulation pump.
By clicking the ‘Calculate Pumps’ button, the app will show you a suitable selection of variable-speed circulation pumps from the BADU Green product range that can replace your existing pump with an energy-efficient model. Once you have selected your pump, you will see the electricity savings and further information on the page.
Download the free BADU Green app to your tablet now and calculate the energy efficiency of your pool pump! After that, nothing stands in the way of replacing it with a variable-speed BADU pump from the BADU Green product range! Link to the app for tablets: www.speck-pumps.com/de/badu/news/app
By rotating our pumps on the basis of operating hours, we avoid this problem and thus ensure that all the pumps in use wear out at a consistent rate.
As we manufacture all our systems in-house at our plant, we are able to respond effectively to local conditions and customer specifications and put them into practice!
The power supply has been cut off and needs to be checked.
On request, our systems can easily be fitted with, for example, IE4 motors, just as with single pumps.
There are two different ways to check the pre-charge pressure: with or without a flow-through fitting.
In both cases, it is important to check the pre-charge pressure against the table and top it up if necessary.
Either the diaphragm pressure vessel is not correctly pressurised or the diaphragm is faulty. The pre-pressure can be topped up with oxygen or compressed air. Under no circumstances should oxygen be used. If the diaphragm is faulty, replace either the diaphragm or the diaphragm pressure vessel.
There may be several reasons for this. The pump has not been properly vented. To rectify this, the pump must be refilled with water until the water emerges from the pump without any bubbles. In suction mode, the suction pipe must be completely filled. Furthermore, the suction pipe must be laid so that it rises towards the pump. Transitions to larger nominal diameters must be made eccentrically. If the strainer of the foot valve or the dirt trap is blocked or clogged, these must be cleaned. If the motor is rotating in the wrong direction, two phases must be swapped for three-phase motors. If there is a drop in performance due to wear or dry running (following prolonged operation), the shut-off valve in the discharge pipe must be closed. The pump must then achieve the specified final pressure (pressure gauge). If the pressure falls significantly below the final pressure, the pump must be inspected or repaired.
This is a speed-controlled system in a compact design, pre-piped and pre-wired and ready for connection, comprising between two and six pumps, with one pump always designated as a spare (with redundancy). Switching on and off is generally pressure-dependent and controlled via a pressure sensor. The control system manages the corresponding run-down times by reducing the speed of the respective pump. A daily test run is possible. A diaphragm pressure vessel is included in the scope of supply. Pumps are swapped over based on the operating hours of the respective base-load pump. The additional pump(s) are switched on or off in cascade and at variable speed (in the event of a drop or rise in pressure). Dry-running protection is always included as standard with this series. This is provided by a pressure switch/pressure sensor (either in the inlet or discharge pipe) or by a float-tilt switch. The function of a dry-running protection pressure switch in the discharge pipe can be covered by the control unit’s internal dry-running protection.
The pressure-boosting system can be connected directly to the local mains supply (pre-pressure operation) or indirectly to a pressureless tank (0 bar inlet) or used for suction operation (also an indirect connection). In suction operation, foot valves of the appropriate size must be fitted or provided for each pump; the nominal pressure of the foot valves must correspond to the set pressure of the Multicell. This means that a separate suction pipe must be routed from the well, storage tank, etc. to each pump. In suction mode, there is no non-return valve for each pump; this means that, once the DEA has switched off, the entire system pressure is borne by the sealing cones of the foot valves!
There may be various underlying causes. Either the specified minimum inlet pressure is incorrect. To rectify this problem, the dry-run protection pressure switch and the pressure switch in the pressure line must be set to a lower value. It may also be that the time relay for the minimum running time is misadjusted or faulty. Check the time relay and, if necessary, readjust or replace it. When operating with a pressureless pre-tank, the inlet valve may be closed or the strainer may be blocked. Open the valve, clean the strainer and check that the level switch is working correctly. If the foot valve is faulty or dirty, it must be cleaned or replaced. The motor will also fail to switch off if the suction pipe is not laid with an upward gradient. Remove any air pocket in the suction pipe and, if necessary, re-route the suction pipe.
SPECK systems are designed for feed operation as standard. However, they can also be designed for suction operation in accordance with customer specifications. To achieve this, a separate suction pipe and foot valve must simply be provided for each pump. This ensures that the supply remains secure even in the event of a pump failure.
Garden pumps operate on the jet pump principle. A small impeller generates a powerful flow through nozzles. This flow moves the fluid hydraulically. The fluid is discharged from the pressure outlet under high pressure. These pumps are not self-priming and must therefore be filled with water before use. A garden pump is not submerged in water. It has an electronic flow switch that activates the pump.
This may be because the motor protection has tripped. You must wait until the motor windings have cooled down. Then switch the motor protection back on. Check the motor protection switch and replace it if necessary. It may be the case that there is no voltage present. In this instance, the power supply must be checked. If the fuse has blown, it must be replaced; if the fuse blows again, the electrical connection must be checked by a qualified electrician. The motor or capacitor may be faulty. These must then be replaced.
Check that the shut-off valve is closed and open it if necessary. If the pump is not filled with fluid, it must be filled. There may be a leak in the system or pipework. In this case, the pipework must be checked and repaired.
This may be because the motor protection has tripped. Check the pump for contamination and clean the pump and its components if necessary. It may also be that the fluid being pumped is too viscous. If the pump is operating outside its performance curve, the pump’s operating points must be corrected.
The suction head exceeds the pump’s suction limit. To rectify this, the diameter of the suction pipe must be increased. Existing friction losses may be too high. To address this, the number of bends must be reduced. The pump will also deliver a lower flow rate if the pump or pipework is contaminated or blocked. The pump and pipework must be checked and cleaned if necessary. If the motor is rotating in the wrong direction, the flow rate will also be too low. The electrical connections must be checked in accordance with the instructions and replaced if necessary.
A leak is caused by a worn or damaged shaft seal, or by the pump running dry. In either case, the shaft seal must be replaced.
The pumps are designed to pump heating water in accordance with VDI 2035, as well as water/glycol mixtures in a ratio of up to 1:1. Temperature range: -10 to +95 °C.
The pumps in the INOVA series are designed to supply underfloor heating or wall-mounted radiators.
The pumps in the INOVA series are designed to supply underfloor heating or wall-mounted radiators.
No! The NH II pumps are self-priming.
Always! Especially when replacing an unregulated pump with one from the INOVA range.
The heat output of the heating surfaces is too low. To remedy this, increase the setpoint or set the control mode to constant differential pressure.
This may be due to a blown fuse. Check the fuses and replace them if necessary. Alternatively, the pump may not be receiving any power. In this case, the power cut must be rectified.
A heating pump is fitted into the heating circuit and runs for as long as the heating is on. The pump draws hot water from the boiler and feeds it into the pipework leading to the radiators. There are external heating pumps, which are fitted to the pipework outside the boiler. Pumps fitted inside the boiler casing are known as internal or integrated heating pumps. A distinction is also made between unregulated and regulated pumps, and high-efficiency pumps. Unregulated pumps always operate at the same power output. Regulated pumps automatically adjust their power output to match the thermostat settings on the radiators. High-efficiency pumps adjust their power output to the actual heating demand and can be continuously regulated.
Cavitation caused by insufficient inlet pressure can result in noise within the pump. To prevent this, the system inlet pressure must be increased to within the permissible range. In addition, the delivery head setting can be checked and adjusted to a lower value.
The NH II pumps are fitted with a highly efficient, stall-current-resistant synchronous motor with an integrated electrical control system for stepless power adjustment.
The maximum temperature depends on the medium used and its concentration. Under optimal conditions, temperatures of up to 90 °C are possible. Higher temperatures must be agreed with the sales department, depending on the medium used.
No, the pumps in the VGX/MTX series are normal-suction pumps; however, when fitted with a spring-loaded foot valve, they can also be used in ‘suction mode’.
It may be that the shaft seal is worn or damaged, or that the pump is running dry. In either case, the shaft seal must be replaced.
There may be various reasons for this. The pump is not filled with fluid or has no, or an insufficient, supply of fluid. The pump must then be filled and vented. Ensure an adequate supply of fluid, check the pipework and repair it if necessary. If the pump and/or motor bearing is faulty, it must be replaced. If the NPSH value is too low, resulting in cavitation, the suction conditions must be improved. It may be that the pump is not operating within its operating range. In this case, the system must be adjusted to operate within the operating range, or a suitable pump must be selected. Another possible cause is that the pump is standing on an uneven surface. The surface must then be levelled, or the pump must be securely fixed to the base.
The motor may be rotating in the wrong direction. Check the electrical connections in accordance with the instructions. It is also possible that the pump or pipe is contaminated or partially blocked. Check this and clean if necessary.
There may be three different reasons for this. Firstly, the shut-off valve may be closed. Open this, and the pump will then start to deliver fluid. Check whether the pump is filled with fluid and, if in doubt, top it up again. Secondly, there may be a leak in the system or pipework. Check the pipework and repair it if necessary.
The pump must be serviced regularly by checking for abnormal running noises and ensuring there are no leaks. If there is a risk of frost, the pump and any pipes at risk of freezing must be drained in good time.
A centrifugal pump is a type of fluid-handling machine, also known as a centrifugal pump. It utilises the suction effect generated by the impeller to convey liquids and discharge them into the pipework. The pump is of the dry-suction type, meaning it must be completely filled with water before use. The shaft transmits mechanical energy to the impeller.
If the motor protection has tripped, wait until the motor windings have cooled down and the motor protection has reset. Have the motor protection switch checked. If there is no voltage, check the power supply. It may also be that the fuse has blown. Replace the fuse. If it blows again, check the electrical connection. The motor or capacitor may be faulty. Replace the motor or capacitor.
The motor protection may have tripped. To rectify this, check the pump for contamination. Clean the pump and its components. The fluid being pumped may be too viscous. However, it may also be that the pump is operating outside its performance curve. In this case, the pump’s operating point must be adjusted.
No! As the PM/BS series are self-priming pumps, they can evacuate the air from the suction pipe by themselves.
In theory, the maximum suction height is approximately 10 m. In practice, the actual suction height depends on several factors (air pressure at the installation site, geodetic suction height, etc.)
There are three possible causes. It may be that the outlet tap is leaking or that air is escaping from the tank. To check this, switch off the pump system overnight. All taps must be closed; you can then check whether the pressure drops. Water flows back into the well through leaky valves or a leaky safety valve. To check this, the pump must be opened and the valves checked to see if they still close tightly. As a last resort, it may be that the foot valve or the intermediate valve in the suction pipe is leaking, causing the water to flow back into the well. After switching off the pump, vent the pump’s safety valve at 3.5 or 5.5 bar. After briefly venting the lever, no backflow should be audible if the foot valve or intermediate valve is intact.
The rubber seal on the check valve on the pump is broken and needs to be replaced.
The suction pipe may be leaking; in that case, the leak must be located and sealed. Another possible cause is that there is too much air in the boiler. The well water may contain a high level of gas, causing too much air to accumulate in the boiler. If the suction pipe is long and the suction head is high, the pump may also be drawing in too much air. In this case, it is advisable to temporarily disconnect the pipe from the automatic air vent, or to fit a special rubber lip with a particularly small hole into the air vent valve.
The air reservoir in the pump system’s tank is too small. Either the required air reservoir volume was not yet reached during initial commissioning because the air reservoir first needs to fill up, or air is escaping through leaks in the tank (pressure gauge, pressure switch, automatic vent, pump connections, transport damage, etc.). If the sniffer valve or automatic vent is operating and there is still consistently too little air in the tank, all threaded connections on the tank must be brushed with soapy water to check for leaks. The pressure switch may also be leaking.
The pump may not pump properly when first started up. This may be because the rubber valve discs have become stuck together due to prolonged storage. To rectify this, remove the air chamber and loosen the rubber valve discs. The pump will not deliver water properly if it is not filled with sufficient water. To remedy this, refill the pump with water. Whilst refilling, turn the pump over several times and keep adding water, totalling 2–4 litres. Screw the filler plug back on and seal it carefully. If the suction pipework is long or the suction head is high, it will be necessary to refill the pump several times. If the suction head is too high or the suction pipework is too long, the difference in height between the water level and the pump connection flange must be re-measured. If the suction pipework is leaking, the pump will also be unable to deliver water. Check whether air bubbles are still visible through the transparent hose at the tank after the pump has been running for a while. If so, pressurise the suction pipe again and check for leaks. Another possible cause is a leaky gland packing. To remedy this, tighten the screw slightly. If this does not help, fit new packing rings and, if necessary, replace the fitted groove-ring sleeve as well. Contamination or wear of the valves may also be the cause. In new wells, small stones, hemp, wood shavings, etc. are often drawn into the pump. The air chamber must therefore be removed and the valves inspected. Loosen and remove the nuts above the valve bridge. The valves are not screwed in; if they are stuck, pry them loose from the side using the handle of a hammer. There is a valve seat seal beneath the valve. In older pumps, the rubber valve plates may need replacing.
Inside the pump, a piston moves up and down. On one side of the pump there is an inlet valve; on the other side, an outlet valve. When the piston moves downwards, a vacuum is created. The inlet valve is designed to open when a vacuum is created, whilst the outlet valve is closed by the vacuum. The vacuum draws the liquid in. The piston pushes the liquid together, thereby compressing it.
There may be several causes and remedies for this. The air reservoir in the pump’s air chamber is either empty or has too little air. Check that the automatic air vent is working. A distinct hissing sound should be audible from the breather valve when the pump is running. Check whether the rubber lip is defective or blocked. Air may also be escaping through a leaky screw on the filler plug. Therefore, brush soapy water onto the air chamber’s sealing surfaces and the filler plug to check for leaks. If the pump is under inlet pressure, a knocking sound may also occur. This may be caused by the water level in the pump air chamber being too high. This occurs because the sniffer valve is drawing in too little air. Fit a shut-off and regulating valve in the suction line. The pump should operate at a vacuum of approximately 5 m to ensure that sufficient air is drawn in correctly. Another possible cause is that the pump is operating at a very low suction head. To ensure sufficient air is drawn in, a vacuum must be created using a throttle valve. If the pump has a very high suction head and a long suction pipe, a knocking noise may occur. In this case, fit a suction air chamber and ensure adequate ventilation. Check that the water level in the well has not dropped too low. Other causes may include a worn-out connecting-rod bearing in the pump, a faulty ball bearing or a worn-out seat for the pump wedge disc on the pinion shaft. These faults must be repaired by a specialist.
This problem can occur if, in the case of a high suction head and a long suction pipe, too much air is pumped through the automatic air vent. This is particularly likely to happen if the suction pipe is not completely airtight and additional air is flowing into the pump. Worn rubber valve plates, cylinders or pistons can also be the cause of this fault. To remedy this, it is advisable to fit a rubber lip with a particularly small orifice or to take the automatic venting valve out of service in the hose line from time to time. Rubber valve discs can be replaced. It is necessary to check whether the piston or brass cylinder is worn and, if necessary, to replace them.
The actuator (motorised ball valve) for the make-up feed to the fire-fighting water transfer point is stiff or faulty. Check the motorised ball valve and replace it completely (ball valve with actuator). Reset the fuse.
There may be several reasons for this. Either the cable connected to the flow sensor is loose. In this case, check the cable socket on the flow sensor. It may be that the cable is loose or not properly connected to the terminal block in the control box. Check the sensor cable on the terminal block in the control box and re-terminate it if necessary. There may be a cable break. Replace the flow sensor cable completely.
Optionally, a GSM emergency call module can be installed in the control cabinet of any pressure-boosting system. This module is fitted with a rechargeable battery, ensuring that power cuts are also reported. A total of four different fault messages, each with a different level of priority, can be transmitted. A humidity sensor is always included with the module. A SIM-unlocked SIM card must be provided by the customer as the contract card.
The pre-tank is permanently filled with water. The relevant motorised ball valve opens and closes automatically, depending on the signal from the respective submersible pressure sensor. If the water level in the tank falls below the optimum operating level, the relevant inlet valve opens, allowing water to flow in from the upstream drinking water supply system and refill the tank. The tank is fitted with an overflow connection to ensure that excess water is safely drained away. At the bottom of the tank there is a drain and the flange connections for the pressure-boosting system. The tank’s water level is controlled by submersible pressure sensors, which are monitored by the respective pressure-boosting system.
A surge arrester can be fitted as an option in each control box of the pressure-boosting system. The surge protection is installed and wired ready for operation and must be connected on site to the building’s protective earthing system.
In the case of an indirect connection, an external water supply in accordance with DIN 14462 must be provided for the fire service to ensure fire-fighting readiness. The TYPE 760 C fire-fighting water supply system meets these requirements.
One expansion joint per system can compensate for changes in length and misalignment between the system and the fire-fighting water main. It also serves to prevent the transmission of structure-borne noise to the fire-fighting water main. The expansion joints are fitted with longitudinal limiters.
Pressure-boosting system A
The system is switched on and off by a pressure sensor located on the discharge side. A diaphragm pressure tank is fitted in the pressure line to act as the control vessel. When water is drawn off, this initially releases its usable volume. If water continues to be drawn off, the pressure in the system drops to the switch-on point PE and Pump A starts up. If less water is drawn from the system than Pump A delivers, excess pressure builds up, which refills the diaphragm pressure tank. If the cut-off pressure PA is exceeded, the built-in flow sensor takes over control of pump A. If the flow falls below the adjustable minimum flow rate, pump A switches to run-on mode. System A is supplied with an electrical cut-off delay (run-on) to keep the switching frequency as low as possible. The electrical switch-off delay (time delay element, adjustable) is factory-set to 40 seconds, ensuring a low switching frequency. The system is electrically monitored for dry running and overcurrent via appropriate devices. Operating and fault messages are indicated via a display on the front door of the control cabinet. A collective fault signal is indicated by a light indicator; this can be transmitted as a potential-free signal. The pump can be tested manually using the ‘Manual-0-Automatic’ selector switch on the control box. In normal operation, the selector switch is set to ‘Automatic’ (pressure-controlled operation). The system automatically performs a test run once a week to ensure it remains in good working order.
Pressure-boosting system B
The system is switched on and off by a pressure sensor located on the discharge side. A diaphragm pressure accumulator is fitted in the pressure pipe to act as the control vessel. When water is drawn off, this initially releases its useful volume. If water continues to be drawn off, the pressure in the system drops to the switch-on point PE of system A and pump A starts up. If Pump A does not start, the pressure in the system drops to the switch-on point PE of System B and the pump starts with a delay of 5 seconds. Once System B has started, it takes over the fire-fighting water supply, even if System A is once again operational. If less water is drawn from the system than Pump B delivers, excess pressure builds up, refilling the diaphragm pressure vessel. If the cut-out pressure PA is exceeded, the built-in flow sensor takes over control of Pump B. If the flow falls below the set minimum, Pump B switches to run-on mode. System B is supplied with an electrical switch-off delay (run-on) to keep the switching frequency as low as possible. The electrical switch-off delay (time delay, adjustable) is factory-set to 40 seconds, resulting in a low switching frequency.
If the pressure-boosting system is located below the sewer backflow level, an emergency drainage system is strongly recommended.
In cases where, in addition to the normal mains supply, an emergency power supply (e.g. provided by an existing diesel generator) is also available, one mains changeover unit per installation is required to switch between and revert from one supply to the other. This is a separate switch box, steel-encased, with an operating voltage of 400 V, 50 Hz, fitted with indicator lights and available for various motor power ratings.
The SPR-MIDA is designed for the simple control of single-pump pressure-boosting systems. The SPR-H controller is used in multi-pump systems and can be customised to meet specific requirements.
The SPR-MIDA control system stands out above all for its ability to be controlled via Bluetooth using an app and a smartphone. The SPR-H control system has a highly modular design, whether it be a wide variety of control modes, additional level controls, pilot and booster pump functions, etc. The possibilities here are virtually limitless.
A sine wave filter is only required if the cable length between the controller and the motor exceeds 25 metres. Put simply, the sine wave filter protects the motor from current spikes, which occur more frequently as the cable length increases.
If the controller is not installed directly on the motor, a shielded cable must always be used between the controller and the motor. Otherwise, this may cause interference with nearby electrical components (e.g. pressure sensors, water meters, RFID devices, etc.).
In fact, NO – speed control systems primarily save electricity and money when used in systems with long running times and varying operating conditions. If either of these conditions is not met, the choice of control system should be carefully assessed and considered.
NO! An oversized pump always wastes resources – both through the excessive use of materials and through unnecessarily high purchase costs. Speed control merely allows you to react to an oversized pump. It is always better to match the pump precisely to the required performance specifications. This saves considerable costs both at the time of purchase and during operation, and extends the pump’s service life.
The delivery pressure is too high. Reduce the pressure drop and increase the pipe cross-section. The pump is too heavily encased or modified. Ensure there is adequate ventilation. The viscosity of the fluid being pumped may be too high. The limit values must be observed. If the pressure-side valve is closed, the pump will also overheat. Maintain the minimum flow rate and fit a bypass on the pressure side. The fluid must be cooled if its temperature is too high.
This may be due to cavitation in the pump or to the vapour content in the suction flow being too high. Reduce the temperature of the fluid being pumped and check the NPSH. If the unit is misaligned, it must be realigned. If there is air trapped in the system, bleed the system. If the differential pressure at the pressure gate is too high, check the pressure loss in the system. It may also be because the suction-side valve is closed. This must be opened.
Check whether the suction-side valve is closed and, if necessary, open it again. If the suction pipe is blocked, check and clean the pipe and the filter. The motor may be rotating in the wrong direction. Check the direction of rotation and, if necessary, swap two phases. The pump has not been primed or vented. Prime the pump and suction pipe, then vent the pump until clear water flows out.
The system pump pressure is too low. Fit a throttle valve in the pressure pipe.
There may be debris in the suction inlet. Clean the suction connection. If any internal parts are worn, they must be replaced. There may be a leak in the system or air/gas present in the system. Check for leaks and seal the leak, then vent the system. Air pockets must be prevented from forming in the pipework. Modify the pipework accordingly and fit a vent valve. If the pump is incorrectly sized, replace it or, if it is operating at an incorrect operating point, correct this. The motor may be rotating in the wrong direction or running on two phases. Correct the direction of rotation and check the electrical connections; check the fuse and replace it if necessary. If the speed is too low, check the voltage. When operating with a frequency converter, the frequency must be increased. If cavitation is occurring, check the temperature of the fluid and cool the fluid. It may also be that the suction head is too high or the discharge head is too low. Check the liquid level in the tank, open the suction-side valve and clean the filter in the suction pipe.
This may be because the pump is contaminated or has limescale build-up. Dismantle, rinse, clean and descale the pump. If the density of the fluid being pumped is too high, this may also cause the power consumption to be too high. It may also be that the impeller is rubbing against the pressure stage. Dismantle the pump and rectify the cause. The speed must be reduced if it is too high.
One or both phases of the power supply may be interrupted. This must be checked and rectified by a qualified electrician. If the motor circuit breaker has tripped, it must be reset. The motor may become jammed. Check the motor and clear any blockages. Faulty motor bearings must be replaced. The problem may also lie with the pump. Contaminants and foreign objects can cause the pump to seize up. These must be removed from the pump and the pump cleaned. If the impeller is calcified, descale the pump accordingly. Under no circumstances must the pumped medium freeze. Should this happen, carefully warm the pump and defrost it. If the pump bearings are faulty, dismantle the pump and replace the faulty parts or repair them.
The fluid enters the impeller cells and the side channel via the suction inlet. There, the fluid is accelerated by the rotating impeller. Centrifugal force causes the fluid to move back and forth between the cells of the impeller and the side channel. This results in a transfer of energy. Through the discharge port, the fluid enters either the next stage or the pump’s discharge connection. The centrifugal effect separates air and liquids. The fluid collects in the outer region of the impeller cells and the side channel. The gas remains in the inner region of the impeller hub. Through the gas channel in the hub region, the air is conveyed to the next stage or to the discharge connection. Through this channel, a side-channel pump can evacuate a suction pipe and is self-priming. The gas content in the fluid can therefore be up to 50 per cent. However, the pump is only self-priming if it is filled with the fluid once and there is always sufficient fluid present in the pump.
This may be because the motor is overloaded. The operating point has been exceeded and must be adjusted. If the motor or pump is blocked, the motor will not start. The motor windings must be checked if there is a short circuit in the motor windings. If the motor protection switch is incorrectly set or faulty, the settings must be checked and the motor protection switch replaced. If the pump’s back pressure is lower than specified, this may also cause the motor protection to trip. The pump’s operating point must be maintained.
The motor speed is too low and must be increased. Contact the manufacturer for this. If friction losses are too high, increase the pipe cross-sections. The internal parts may be worn; the affected components must be replaced. In the event of cavitation, adjust the inlet conditions and check the suction-side valves and filters. If the direction of rotation is incorrect, reverse the motor’s polarity. If there is air or gas in the system, it must be vented. If the operating pressure is incorrect or the back pressure is too high, check and adjust the operating point and clean the pipework. If the system’s pressure head loss is lower than specified, adjust it by throttling the pressure pipe or by fitting an orifice plate or nozzle.
The pipes must be drained. The pump should be removed during the frost period and stored upright in a dry room.
This depends on the series. The pumps in the TOP 71–80 series are suitable for continuous operation thanks to their top-mounted discharge connection. This ensures optimum motor cooling, even during prolonged periods of operation.
The pump is drawing in air. To rectify this, the liquid level must be raised. It may be that the diameter of the pipework or hose is too small. To resolve this, increase the diameter of the pipework to match the nominal diameter of the pump connection. If the shut-off valve is not fully open, this must be checked and, if necessary, opened. If the pipework or hose is too long, this may also cause the fault. To rectify this, shorten the pipework. If the delivery head is too high, the entire installation must be checked. It may also be the case that the pump or pump components are clogged or blocked, or that the impeller and suction plate are worn. These must be checked, cleaned and, if necessary, replaced. The pump can be sent in for the parts to be replaced.
With a submersible pump, the discharge pipe should be cleaned regularly. Check the power cable and seals; replace the seals if necessary. If the power cable is faulty, contact customer services. The suction strainer and impeller must be cleaned. Replace the capacitor if it is damaged.
The delivery head is too high. The pump must be checked. If the pump or the pipework is contaminated or partially blocked, the pump will not deliver. Check and clean the pump. The shut-off valve may be closed; open it. If the liquid level is too low, the pump will also fail to deliver. Raise the liquid level to approximately 2/3 of the pump’s height. The pressure pipe may be blocked or kinked. Clear this and carry out a test run. The non-return valve may be fitted incorrectly. Rotate it and check that it is working properly. The valve must open in the direction of flow. If the mechanical seal is seized, switch off the pump, remove the suction strainer and the base plate. Turn the impeller by hand until it rotates freely. Particularly during initial commissioning, there may be an air bubble in the pump. To prevent this, raise the liquid level to approximately the height of the pump.
Should this fault occur, you must contact a specialist company immediately.
There may be several reasons for this. Firstly, the mains plug may not be properly connected. Check this and ensure it is correctly fitted. If there is a power supply fault, this must be checked by a qualified electrician. If the fuse has blown, it must be checked and replaced. If the motor protection has tripped, you must wait until the motor windings have cooled down and the motor protection has reset. It may also be due to the float switch. If the liquid level is too low, the float switch will not activate. In this case, the pump is operating correctly; do not raise the float switch, as this will cause the pump to run dry.
When the pump is switched on, the water is drawn in through the suction inlet by the rotating impeller. A non-return valve is fitted inside the pump to prevent backflow. The water is drawn into a collection channel and channelled on to the discharge connection. The pump operates on the centrifugal pump principle. The motor runs on maintenance-free roller bearings. Submersible pumps can be used in either fixed or portable applications.
Version with an AC motor:
Every AC motor has a built-in thermal sensor which switches the motor off in the event of overload or overheating of the motor windings. Once the windings have cooled down, the thermal sensor automatically re-enables the motor.
AC motor version with float switch:
The pump is fitted with a float switch for automatic on/off control.
The supply voltage is too low. This must be checked by a qualified electrician. If the motor overheats due to an insufficient fluid level, wait until the motor has cooled down and then top up the fluid level. If the fluid temperature is too high, allow the fluid to cool down. It may be that the pump or its components are clogged or blocked by contaminants. To rectify this, the pump and its individual parts must be cleaned.
The fuse rating is too low. Fit a fuse in accordance with the rating on the nameplate. The pump or pump components are clogged or blocked by debris. Check and clean the pump. If the motor is faulty, contact a specialist repair firm.
A drinking water separation unit is required whenever service water is classified as Category 5 in accordance with DIN EN 1717. Typical applications include underground systems for watering green spaces, rainwater harvesting systems, animal drinking troughs and laboratory water supplies.
It is essential to prevent the medium from flowing back from the service water network into the drinking water supply, or from coming into contact with it. With SPECK, this is ensured by atmospheric separation in the feed tank. The feed tank is not only suitable for this separation, but is also certified by the DVGW for separation in accordance with EN 1717 Type AB.
The local water supplier is responsible for the quality of the drinking water up to the property connection; responsibility for everything beyond that lies with the operator of the system. In the event of contamination, this means that the operator may be held legally liable for any damage caused by their system or distribution network.
The SPECK water supply isolation unit may be connected directly to the drinking water supply. However, due to the mandatory atmospheric isolation required by DIN EN 1717, the water loses its drinking water quality. Once the water enters the tank, it is merely water with properties similar to those of drinking water. Depending on its intended use, the water may need to be treated further.
In addition to the 240-litre, 350-litre and 700-litre tanks, there is also a 1,050-litre feed tank, which is also DVGW-certified. It is also possible to connect the system to on-site tanks.
The pipes must be drained. The pump should be removed during the frost period and stored upright in a dry room.
To ensure optimum cooling of the motor, even during prolonged operation, in large tanks or containers.
The pressure differential at the pressure switch is set too low. Increase the differential. The cut-out pressure should not exceed the operating pressure of the tank; the cut-in pressure should be high enough to ensure an adequate water supply. If the non-return valve is leaking or not fully closed, the pump must be removed and the non-return valve cleaned. If there are fluctuations in the mains voltage, check the power supply.
Electricity consumption must be checked regularly, and the flow rate (where possible) must be checked.
If the liquid level is insufficient, check that the water level is at least 1 m above the pump’s inlet during operation. The non-return valve may be stuck in the closed position. Disconnect the power supply and replace or repair the valve. If the suction strainer is blocked, disconnect the power supply and clean the suction strainer in the inlet section. If the pump appears to be damaged, disconnect the power supply, dismantle the pump, clean it and inspect it. Replace any faulty parts.
The fuse has blown; replace the faulty fuse. If the fault protection device has tripped, the circuit breaker must be reset. If there is no power supply, contact the electricity supplier. If the motor protection has tripped, check whether the pump is jammed or blocked. If the pump, motor or cable is faulty, these must be repaired or replaced. The power supply must be checked if the overvoltage or undervoltage protection has tripped. If the pump has been switched off by the dry-running protection, the installation height of the dry-running protection must be checked. The setting of the pressure switch must also be checked and adjusted.
If the motor protection switch/control contactor contains a solenoid coil, it may be short-circuited. The coil must be replaced and the coil voltage checked. If any contacts in the motor protection switch/contactor are faulty, replace the motor protection switch/contactor. If the control circuit is faulty or has failed, the contacts in the control fuse/control circuit must be checked.
The pressure valve may be closed. Check the pressure valve and restore its function. If the pump is undersized, fit a suitable pump. If the liquid level is insufficient, switch off the pump and adjust the liquid level. If the riser pipe is faulty or blocked, repair or clean the pipe. The filter on the suction connection is blocked; the filter must be cleaned. If the pump or the non-return valve is blocked or jammed, remove the pump and repair it. If there is a leak in the system, the system must be checked for leaks and the leak rectified. If the pump is faulty, it must be removed and repaired. If the pump is rotating in the wrong direction, this must be corrected. If the drop in the liquid level is greater than expected, check the drop during operation and compare it with the well/pump data. It may also help to install the pump at a greater depth, throttle it, or replace it with a smaller model.
The water enters the pump via the inlet strainer and is pumped from one stage to the next. The more stages a submersible pump has, the higher the pressure at which the fluid leaves the pump via the discharge connection.
If the fluid level is insufficient, switch off the pump and adjust the fluid level. If the pressure switch is set to the wrong pressure, check and adjust the settings on the pressure switch. If there is a leak in the system or pipework, the system must be checked for leaks and the leak rectified. Worn components must be replaced. If the pump or pump parts are clogged or blocked by contaminants, the pump must be removed and repaired.
The pipework may be leaking. In this case, check and repair the pipework. It is also possible that the riser pipe is faulty. Repair or replace the pipe. If the non-return valve is leaking, repair or replace it.
The screw connections and grease lubrication must be checked regularly. In addition, the running noise must be checked.
The pump valves must be closed. The pump and any pipes at risk of freezing must be drained in good time before the frost sets in. The plug on the pump must be removed.
There is no voltage at the terminal blocks. Check the power supply (circuit, main switch, fuses). Also check the motor protection switch and RCD. If the motor protection switch has tripped, check that the correct setting is in place. Determine the correct value (I_nom) from the motor nameplate. Reset the motor protection switch if necessary. Contact a qualified electrician if this problem occurs frequently.
The suction pipe is leaking. Repair or clean the pipe. If the foot valve or non-return valve is faulty, the components must be replaced. The foot valve is stuck in the open position. Clean or replace the foot valve.
The pump shaft is faulty. Replace the shaft and seals. The coupling is loose. Tighten the connecting bolts to the recommended torque.
The coupling may have been fitted incorrectly. The coupling must be fitted in a parallel position. The pump is not filled with fluid. Fill the pump and bleed it. If there is no or insufficient fluid supply to the pump, ensure an adequate supply of fluid. Check and repair the pipework. If the bearings of the pump and/or motor are faulty, replace the bearings. The current NPSH value is too high, resulting in cavitation. The suction conditions must be improved. The pump is not operating within its operating range. Adjust the system to ensure operation within the operating range or select a suitable pump. Internal deposits or blockages in the pump. Clean the pump and its components. The pump is standing on an uneven surface. Level the surface or secure the pump firmly to the base.
The shaft seal may be worn or damaged. Check the pump for contaminants and replace the shaft seal. If the mechanical seal is stuck in a new pump, open and close the pressure valve quickly whilst the pump is running. An incorrectly fitted shaft seal must be fitted correctly. Use soap and water as a lubricant for this. The elastomer may be damaged by the pumped medium. Use suitable elastomers for the shaft seal. The pressure inside the pump may be too high. Use suitable shaft seal combinations. The pump shaft must be replaced if it is damaged. If the pump runs dry, the shaft seal must be replaced. It is also possible that the axial clearance is set incorrectly. The axial clearance must be set correctly.
The pump draws in the fluid through the suction port. The fluid is pumped upwards through the stages, consisting of the impeller and the volute. It is then channelled between the stages and the pump casing to the outside of the pump and discharged into the discharge pipe via the discharge port. The suction strainer, if fitted, filters out coarse contaminants. The motor’s drive shaft is rigidly connected to the pump shaft. The motor is secured to the pump via the drive lantern.
The O-ring may be worn. In this case, it must be replaced. The O-ring is not resistant to the pumped medium. Replace the O-ring and use one made from a suitable material. The pump has not been installed in a stress-free manner. To rectify this, depressurise the pump and the pipework, support the connections and, if necessary, fit expansion joints.
The suction and/or discharge valve is closed. Open the shut-off valves. There is air in the pump or pipework. Bleed the air from the pump and install the suction pipework so that it rises towards the pump. No or insufficient inlet flow. Increase the inlet pressure. Incorrect direction of rotation: swap L1 and L2 on the three-phase power supply. If the suction pipe has not been vented, vent it. Repair the suction pipe if the pump is drawing in air due to a leak in the suction pipe. The diameter of the suction pipe is too small and must be increased. The flow rate of the water meter in the supply pipe is too low. The water meter must be replaced with a larger one. If the foot valve is blocked, it must be cleaned. If the pump or pump components are blocked or obstructed by contaminants, the pump and pump components must be cleaned. If the O-ring is not resistant to the pumped medium, it must be replaced with an O-ring made of a suitable material.
There may be a fault in the power supply, such as a short circuit or a blown fuse. The power supply must be checked by a qualified electrician. The motor is seized, e.g. due to deposits from the water circuit. Have the pump removed by a qualified technician. Have the impeller’s freedom of movement restored by turning it and flushing out the debris.
The motor is making a grinding noise, e.g. due to deposits from the water circuit. Have the pump removed by a qualified technician. Have the impeller’s freedom of movement restored by turning it and flushing out the dirt. Dry running due to insufficient water. Check the shut-off valves; they must be fully open. If there is air in the pump, switch it on and off five times, for 30 seconds on and 30 seconds off each time.
Yes, but only in conjunction with the fully automated Zismatic range.
The ZIS pump is fitted with a float-operated tilt switch to prevent dry running and a 20-metre connection cable, including a Schuko plug. Our Speckmat control unit can be used to automate the system. The Zismatic is also supplied ready for connection with a 15-metre cable. Furthermore, it features an integrated control unit for automatic switching on and off, as well as protection against dry running.
There is a voltage fault. Ensure that the voltage stated on the nameplate matches the specified voltage. If the thermal motor protection trips, wait until the motor windings have cooled down and the motor protection resets. If the fluid level is too low, close the tap to reduce the pump’s flow rate.
The pipes must be drained. The pump should be removed during the frost period and stored upright in a dry room.
If the fluid level is too low, close the tap to reduce the pump’s flow rate. If the suction strainer is blocked, clean it. Contact customer services if there is any wear and tear on the hydraulic system.
The medium temperature may be too high. Wait until the motor windings have cooled down and the motor protection has re-engaged. In the worst-case scenario, there may be a fault inside the pump or motor (dirt/wear and tear). To rectify this, contact your dealer.
There is no voltage present. The fuse and other protective devices must be checked. If the thermal motor protection has tripped, wait until the motor windings have cooled down and the motor protection has reset.
There is no power supply; check the meter. If the mains plug is unplugged, check the electrical connection. The circuit breaker may have tripped. Reset the circuit breaker and investigate the cause. If the float switch has tripped, check whether the float reaches the ‘ON’ level. If the thermal protection switch has tripped, wait until the motor windings have cooled down and the motor protection re-engages. A fuse may have blown. The faulty fuse must be replaced. If the motor or capacitor is faulty, contact the dealer.
If the filter or the riser pipe is dirty, it must be cleaned. If the pump or non-return valve is clogged or blocked, the valve must be cleaned and its operation checked. If the liquid level is insufficient, the pump must be switched off. If the direction of rotation is incorrect, check the direction of rotation and, if necessary, have it reversed by a qualified electrician. If there is a voltage fault, ensure that the voltage matches that specified on the type plate. If there is a fault inside the pump or motor (dirt/wear and tear), contact the dealer.
With submersible pumps, the suction strainer and the outlet pipe must be cleaned regularly and the power cable checked.
The fluid enters the pump via the suction port and is accelerated outwards by the rotating impeller. Within the flow path of the pump casing, the kinetic energy of the fluid is converted into pressure energy and the fluid is directed to the discharge port, through which it exits the pump. Backflow of the fluid from the casing into the suction port is prevented by a throttling gap. The hydraulic circuit is bounded at the rear of the impeller by a casing cover through which the shaft passes. The shaft passage through the cover is sealed off from the surrounding environment by a dynamic shaft seal. The shaft is supported by roller bearings housed within a motor casing, which is connected to the pump casing and/or the casing cover via the drive lantern.
The pump is operating against excessive pressure. Readjust the operating point accordingly. Check the system for contaminants. Fit a larger impeller. Increase the speed (turbine, internal combustion engine). The pump or the pipework is not completely filled with fluid or has not been vented. If the inlet pipe or impeller is blocked, deposits in the pump and/or pipework must be removed. If air pockets form in the pipework, the layout must be modified and a vent valve fitted. It may be that the suction head is too high and the NPSH (inlet) is too low. The liquid level must be adjusted. Install the pump at a lower level. Fully open the shut-off valve in the inlet pipe. If necessary, modify the inlet pipe if the resistance in the inlet pipe is too high. Check for strainers or suction inlets that are installed too large. Adhere to the permissible rate of pressure drop. It may be that air is being drawn in at the shaft seal. Either supply a flushing fluid or increase its pressure, or replace the shaft seal. Check the motor’s electrical connection and, if necessary, the switchgear if the motor is rotating in the wrong direction. The speed may be too low, regardless of whether a frequency converter is used. If a frequency converter is used, increase the voltage/frequency on the converter to within the permissible range. If no frequency converter is used, the voltage must be checked. If the pump’s internal parts are worn, they must be replaced. There is scoring or roughness on the shaft sleeve. Replace the shaft sleeve or the shaft seal. The motor is running on two phases. Faulty fuses must be replaced and the electrical connections checked.
The pump’s back pressure is lower than specified in the order. The operating point must be precisely adjusted. If the pump is constantly overloaded, the impeller may need to be turned down. If the density or viscosity of the pumped medium is higher than specified in the order, the manufacturer must be contacted. The speed is too high and must be reduced. The motor is running on two phases. Faulty fuses must be replaced and electrical connections checked. The transport lock has not been removed from the shaft groove. It must be removed from the shaft groove.
The speed is too high and must be reduced. The transport lock has not been removed from the shaft groove. It must be removed from the shaft groove.
The pump is under stress or there are resonance vibrations in the pipework. Check the pipework connections and pump mountings; if necessary, reduce the spacing between the pipe clamps. Secure the pipework using vibration-damping material. There is increased axial thrust. Clean the relief holes in the impeller and replace the clearance rings. Too little, too much or unsuitable lubricant is being used. Top up, reduce or replace the lubricant. If the flow rate is too low, the minimum flow rate must be increased.
The connecting bolt/gasket between the spiral casing and the casing cover is faulty and must be replaced. Tighten the connecting bolts.
The shaft seal used is made of the wrong material; the material pairing must be adjusted accordingly. The shaft seal is worn and must be replaced. This can be checked using a flushing/barrier fluid. There is scoring or roughness on the shaft sleeve. Replace the shaft sleeve or the shaft seal. A leak at the shaft seal can be detected by dismantling the unit. The fault can then be rectified and the shaft seal replaced if necessary. If the pump is running unevenly, correct the suction conditions, align the pump unit, rebalance the impeller and increase the pressure at the pump’s suction port. The pump is under stress or there are resonance vibrations in the pipework. Check the pipework connections and pump mountings; if necessary, reduce the spacing between the pipe clamps. Secure the pipework using vibration-damping material. There may be a fault in the circulation fluid supply. The clear cross-section must be increased.
The pump or the pipework is not completely filled with fluid or has not been vented. It may be that the suction head is too high and the NPSH (inlet) is too low. The liquid level must be corrected. Install the pump at a lower level. Fully open the shut-off valve in the inlet pipe. Modify the inlet pipework if necessary if the resistance in the inlet pipework is too high. Check for strainers or suction inlets that are too large. Adhere to the permissible rate of pressure drop. If the pump’s internal components are worn, they must be replaced. The pump’s back pressure is lower than specified in the order. The operating point must be precisely adjusted. In the event of constant overload, the impeller may need to be machined down. The pump is under stress or there are resonance vibrations in the pipework. Check the pipework connections and pump mountings; reduce the spacing between pipe clamps if necessary. Secure the pipework using vibration-damping material. If the rotor is out of balance, clean the impeller and rebalance it. Faulty bearings must be replaced. If the flow rate is too low, the minimum flow rate must be increased.
The pump or the pipework is not completely filled with fluid or has not been vented. It may be that the suction head is too high and the NPSH (inlet) is too low. The liquid level must be corrected. Install the pump at a lower level. Fully open the shut-off valve in the inlet pipe. Modify the inlet pipework if necessary if the resistance in the inlet pipework is too high. Check for strainers or suction inlets that are too large. Adhere to the permissible rate of pressure drop. If the flow rate is too low, the minimum flow rate must be increased.
The solenoid valve is leaking and dirty. Clean or replace the solenoid valve. The system has no power. Check the electrical connections.
The shaft seal is faulty and must be replaced. If the casing seal is faulty, the pump must be resealed. Replace any worn components. Tighten any loose connecting or locking screws and replace the seals if necessary.
There may be a leak in the system. Check the system and seal any leaks. The fresh fluid flow is too low and must be increased. The operating fluid is too warm and must be cooled. If there is a leak in the suction pipe, check the pipe and connections and seal them. If there is too much water in the separator, clean or replace the level sensor, replace the vacuum sensor and limit/reduce the process water flow. If the motor is rotating in the wrong direction, check the direction of rotation and contact the manufacturer. If the motor speed is too low, increase the speed and contact the manufacturer. If the gas or liquid passages are calcified, the pump must be descaled, dismantled and cleaned. Worn parts must be replaced. If the liquid discharge flow is too low, check the liquid discharge pipe and connections for blockages. If the pump is incorrectly sized, the pump must be replaced. If the pump is flooded, limit or reduce the process water flow.
One or more sensors are faulty. Clean or replace the sensors. The display shows ‘No flow’. The impeller is blocked or dirty. Clear the impeller, clean it or replace it. The discharge pump has not been vented. Vent the pump.
The level sensor is faulty. Check the output signal at the sensor and contact the manufacturer. If the signal cable and power supply are disconnected, check the plug connections and continuity.
There is no operating fluid in the pump. Check the fresh fluid flow or the solenoid valve. The display shows ‘Risk of dry running’. There may be a leak in the suction line. Check the suction line and connections and seal any leaks. If the motor is rotating in the wrong direction, check the direction of rotation and contact the manufacturer. The solenoid valve is not switching. Check the fuse in the frequency converter and connect a neutral conductor. The non-return valves are not closing. Check the ‘vacuum pump’ and ‘discharge pump’ non-return valves.
Short circuit at the motor terminals or in the motor winding itself. Check the motor winding and the connection between the frequency converter and the motor. The display shows ‘Short circuit’. The motor may be overloaded. Check the fresh liquid flow or the solenoid valve. The display shows “Frequency converter overload”. The back pressure in the pressure connection is too high. Reduce the back pressure. If the liquid content in the suction flow is too high, it must be reduced. Open the suction-side valve if it is closed. If the motor or pump is blocked, check the motor or pump.
This may be due to either the motor or the pump. One or two phases of the power supply are interrupted. Check the power supply and the motor. The display shows ‘Phase failure’. If the motor is seized, it must be checked. The display shows “Frequency converter overload”. If the impeller or control disc is corroded and consequently jammed, remove the blockage in the pump using a rust-dissolving agent. If ice forms in the pump (frozen operating fluid), carefully heat the pump to defrost it. If there is contamination or foreign objects in the pump, flush, dismantle and clean it. Limescale build-up in the pump can be removed by descaling the pump. If the impeller is seized or defective, set the correct clearance between the control disc and the impeller, or replace the impeller. Defective motor bearings must be replaced.
The motor is overloaded. Check the fresh fluid flow or the solenoid valve. The display shows ‘Frequency converter overload’. If the back pressure in the pressure connection is too high, the back pressure must be reduced. If the liquid content in the suction flow is too high, reduce the liquid content. Open the suction-side valves if they are closed. The density or viscosity of the operating fluid is too high. Use a working fluid with a density as specified in the data sheet. Contact the manufacturer. The impeller is rubbing against the control disc. Dismantle the pump and set the correct clearance between the control disc and the impeller. If the pump is contaminated or scaled up, flush, descale, dismantle and clean the pump.
There is too much water in the separator. Clean or replace the level sensor, replace the vacuum sensor and limit/reduce the process water flow. This may be due to cavitation in the pump. The steam content in the suction flow is too high; reduce the steam content or condense it before the pump. If the suction-side valve is closed (suction pressure too low), open the valve or fit a cavitation protection device. If the process fluid is too hot, cool it down. If the vacuum is too low, limit the vacuum and contact the manufacturer. If the problem lies with the motor, the speed may be too high. Reduce the speed and contact the manufacturer. If the pump is flooded, limit or reduce the process water flow.
The delivery pressure is too high; reduce the pressure drop and increase the pipe cross-section. The viscosity is too high; observe the limit values. The pressure-side valve may be closed. The minimum flow rate must be maintained; fit a bypass on the pressure side. If the temperature of the fluid is too high, the fluid must be allowed to cool. If the pressure relief valve is incorrectly adjusted, the valve must be readjusted. Check the differential pressure; the operating pressure must be 3 bar below the opening pressure of the pressure relief valve.
If cavitation occurs in the pump, the temperature of the pumped medium must be reduced. If the suction- or discharge-side valves are closed, they must be opened. If there is a vacuum in the suction pipe, check the pipe and switch off the motor using a vacuum switch. If air enters the suction pipe, seal the pipe and increase the liquid level in the tank. If the delivery pressure exceeds 14 bar, it must be reduced. If the pump and motor are misaligned, they must be realigned. If there is bearing damage to the pump or motor, the pump must be dismantled and the defective parts replaced.
The suction or discharge valve is closed. These must be opened. The suction pipe is blocked; the pipe and the filter must be checked and cleaned. If the motor is rotating in the wrong direction, check the direction of rotation and, if necessary, swap two phases. If the pump has not been vented, vent the pump and fill the suction pipe.
The system pump pressure is too low. A throttle valve must be fitted on the pressure side.
There is debris in the suction inlet; the suction connection must be cleaned. If any internal parts are worn, the affected components must be replaced. There may be a leak in the system. Check the system and seal the leaks accordingly. The pump is incorrectly sized and must be replaced. If the pump is cavitating, check the temperature of the fluid being pumped and allow it to cool down. The suction head is too high or the inlet head is too low. Check the liquid level in the tank. Open the suction-side valve and clean the filter in the suction pipe. If the filter resistance is too high, check or clean the filter. If the suction resistance is too high, the suction pipe (cross-section, length, bends) must be modified. If the motor speed is too low, increase the speed and contact the manufacturer.
There is contamination and limescale build-up in the pump. Flush, descale, dismantle and clean the pump. The density or viscosity of the pumped medium is too high. Use a suitable pumped medium with a density as specified in the data sheet. In this case, contact the manufacturer.
This may be due to the motor. One or both phases of the power supply are interrupted. The power supply and the motor must be checked. The motor circuit breaker has tripped and must be reset. The motor is seized and must be checked. However, it may also be due to the pump if it is seized. There may be contaminants or foreign objects inside the pump. The pump must be flushed, dismantled and cleaned. If the impeller vane is blocked by limescale, the pump must be descaled. The motor bearing is faulty and must be replaced. If ice forms in the pump (frozen pumped medium), the pump must be carefully warmed and defrosted.
Inside the pump is a cylindrical bore. An eccentrically mounted rotor rotates within this bore. This rotor has one or more slots. One or more impeller vanes slide through these slots; they are held apart by one or more pins. This causes them to come into contact with the inner wall of the cylindrical bore. As the rotor rotates, the vanes slide along the housing wall. These push the fluid – which enters the gap between the housing and the rotor via the suction port – ahead of them. In the process, the fluid is compressed and forced into the discharge port.
The motor is overloaded because the specified operating point is not being maintained. The motor or pump is seized, preventing the motor from starting. There may be a short circuit in the motor winding. The motor winding must be checked. If the motor protection switch is incorrectly set or faulty, the settings must be checked or the motor protection switch replaced.
The motor speed is too low; increase the speed and contact the manufacturer. If the friction losses are too high, increase the pipe cross-sections. If the back pressure is too high, check the operating point and clean the pipe. If the pressure relief valve is incorrectly adjusted, it must be readjusted. Take the differential pressure into account; the operating pressure must be 3 bar below the opening pressure of the pressure relief valve.
The maximum temperature depends on the medium used and its concentration. Under optimal conditions, temperatures of up to 90 °C are possible. Higher temperatures must be agreed with the sales department, depending on the medium used.
No, the pumps in the VGX/MTX series are normal-suction pumps; however, when fitted with a spring-loaded foot valve, they can also be used in ‘suction mode’.
It may be that the shaft seal is worn or damaged, or that the pump is running dry. In either case, the shaft seal must be replaced.
There may be various reasons for this. The pump is not filled with fluid or has no, or an insufficient, supply of fluid. The pump must then be filled and vented. Ensure an adequate supply of fluid, check the pipework and repair it if necessary. If the pump and/or motor bearing is faulty, it must be replaced. If the NPSH value is too low, resulting in cavitation, the suction conditions must be improved. It may be that the pump is not operating within its operating range. In this case, the system must be adjusted to operate within the operating range, or a suitable pump must be selected. Another possible cause is that the pump is standing on an uneven surface. The surface must then be levelled, or the pump must be securely fixed to the base.
The motor may be rotating in the wrong direction. Check the electrical connections in accordance with the instructions. It is also possible that the pump or pipe is contaminated or partially blocked. Check this and clean if necessary.
There may be three different reasons for this. Firstly, the shut-off valve may be closed. Open this, and the pump will then start to deliver fluid. Check whether the pump is filled with fluid and, if in doubt, top it up again. Secondly, there may be a leak in the system or pipework. Check the pipework and repair it if necessary.
The pump must be serviced regularly by checking for abnormal running noises and ensuring there are no leaks. If there is a risk of frost, the pump and any pipes at risk of freezing must be drained in good time.
A centrifugal pump is a type of fluid-handling machine, also known as a centrifugal pump. It utilises the suction effect generated by the impeller to convey liquids and discharge them into the pipework. The pump is of the dry-suction type, meaning it must be completely filled with water before use. The shaft transmits mechanical energy to the impeller.
If the motor protection has tripped, wait until the motor windings have cooled down and the motor protection has reset. Have the motor protection switch checked. If there is no voltage, check the power supply. It may also be that the fuse has blown. Replace the fuse. If it blows again, check the electrical connection. The motor or capacitor may be faulty. Replace the motor or capacitor.
The motor protection may have tripped. To rectify this, check the pump for contamination. Clean the pump and its components. The fluid being pumped may be too viscous. However, it may also be that the pump is operating outside its performance curve. In this case, the pump’s operating point must be adjusted.
The pumps are suitable for water. Other aqueous media may be used subject to prior consultation.
For logistical reasons, the pumps cannot be dispatched with the oil required for operation. Furthermore, there are many different types of suitable oil available on the market. These should not be mixed together.
The viscosity grade, quality grade and quantity are specified in the pump’s operating instructions. For most pumps, gear oils of viscosity grade ISO VG 220 or SAE 90 GL4 are suitable.
The pumps are suitable for a wide variety of drive systems, such as hydraulic or electric motors. Our plant engineering department can, on request, assemble the pumps with the appropriate drive systems and accessories.
As these are purely positive-displacement pumps, the flow rate does not depend on the back pressure. Consequently, there are no performance curves, as would be the case with centrifugal pumps, for example.
Unfortunately, the pumps are not self-priming.
The pumps are certified to ATEX Zone 2 or 22 and can be supplied with suitable electric motors.
The delivery pressure is too high. Reduce pressure losses and increase pipe cross-sections. If the viscosity of the fluid being pumped is too high, observe the limit values. If the pressure-side valve is closed, ensure the minimum flow rate is maintained and fit a bypass on the pressure side. If the temperature of the fluid being pumped is too high, cool the fluid.
If cavitation occurs in the pump, reduce the temperature of the pumped medium and check the NPSH. If the vapour content in the suction flow is too high, the temperature of the pumped medium must be reduced and the NPSH checked. Open the suction-side valve if it is closed. If there is negative pressure in the suction pipe, check the suction pipe and switch off the motor using a vacuum switch. If air enters the suction pipe, seal the pipe and increase the liquid level in the tank. If the discharge pressure is too high, reduce it.
If the suction- or discharge-side valves are closed, they must be opened. If the suction pipe is blocked, the pipe and filter must be checked and cleaned. If the motor is rotating in the wrong direction, check the direction of rotation and, if necessary, swap two phases. If the pump has not been vented, vent the pump and fill the pump and suction pipe.
The system pump pressure is too low. Fit a throttle valve on the pressure side.
If there is debris in the suction inlet, the suction connection must be cleaned. Worn internal parts must be replaced. If the system has a leak, check the system and seal any leaks. An incorrectly sized pump must be replaced. If the speed is too low, increase the speed and contact the manufacturer. If cavitation occurs in the pump, check the temperature of the fluid being pumped and cool it down. If filter resistance is too high, check and clean the filters. If the suction head is too high or the inlet head too low, check the liquid level in the tank, open the suction-side valve and clean the filter in the suction pipe. If the suction pipe resistance is too high, the suction pipe must be modified (cross-section, length, bends).
If there is contamination or limescale build-up in the pump, flush, descale, dismantle and clean the pump. If the density or viscosity of the pumped medium is too high, operate the pump with a medium of permissible density as specified in the data sheet. Contact the manufacturer. The impeller is rubbing against the casing. Dismantle the pump and replace any defective parts.
This may be due to either the motor or the pump. One or both phases of the power supply are interrupted. Check the power supply and the motor. If the motor circuit breaker has tripped, reset it. If the motor is seized, check and dismantle it. If the pump is blocked by contaminants or foreign objects, it must be flushed, dismantled and cleaned. If the impeller is blocked by limescale, descale the pump. If the pumped medium has solidified and formed ice, the pump must be carefully warmed and defrosted.
The impeller of a peripheral pump is designed as a disc. Radial vanes are arranged around its outer diameter, machined into the periphery on both sides. Annular channels are arranged in the casing on either side of the impeller vanes. The fluid flows through these channels. The annular channels are interrupted between the casing inlet and the casing outlet. This prevents flow from the discharge side to the suction side. Hydraulic power is transmitted via an exchange of pulses between the impeller and the casing channel. This generates comparatively very high pressures with compact dimensions.
If the motor is overloaded, the specified operating point will not be maintained. If the motor or pump is seized, check the motor and pump, dismantle them and rectify the cause. If there is a short circuit in the motor winding, check the winding. If the motor protection switch is incorrectly set or faulty, the settings must be checked or the motor protection switch replaced.
The motor speed is too low. Check the motor connection and voltage, increase the speed and contact the manufacturer. If the friction losses are too high, increase the pipe cross-sections. If the back pressure is too high, check the operating point and clean the pipe.
The pump is overloaded and needs to be checked.
The mechanical seal is stuck. Either turn the motor shaft by hand or clean the pump.
The mechanical seal is worn or damaged. The mechanical seal must be replaced.
This could be either a faulty ball bearing or the motor rotating in the wrong direction. The ball bearing must be replaced by a qualified technician, and the direction of rotation of the motor must be checked by a qualified electrician.
If there is any damage to the magnet unit or the plain bearing, contact the manufacturer. The pump was switched on again before the rotor had come to a complete standstill. Allow the rotor to come to a standstill before switching the pump on again. If the impeller is jammed, the internal parts of the pump must be cleaned.
The sewage pumps have a suction inlet at the front and a discharge connection on the side of the spiral-shaped casing. The impellers can be either open or closed channel impellers. By adjusting the outer diameter and varying the channel width, blade height and number of blades, the impeller can be individually optimised for different performance points. Sealing is provided by a mechanical seal. The motor is flanged directly onto the pump.
The power supply has been completely or partially interrupted. Check the power supply and the motor. If the motor protection has tripped, reset it.
The pump is seized. Clear any blockages and check the clearances. If the bearings are damaged, the ball bearings must be replaced. If the coupling is damaged, replace it.
The suction and discharge pipes may be leaking or damaged. Check the pipes and, if necessary, replace or repair them. The impeller is out of alignment; clean the impeller.
The impeller is partially clogged and needs to be cleaned. If the impeller is worn, it must be replaced. If the operating point is set incorrectly, it must be readjusted to the correct value.
The mechanical seal is leaking and needs to be replaced.
The mechanical seal is leaking and needs to be replaced.
The delivery pressure is too high. Reduce the pressure drop and increase the pipe cross-section. The pump is too heavily encased or modified. Ensure there is adequate ventilation. The viscosity of the fluid being pumped may be too high. The limit values must be observed. If the pressure-side valve is closed, the pump will also overheat. Maintain the minimum flow rate and fit a bypass on the pressure side. The fluid must be cooled if its temperature is too high.
This may be due to cavitation in the pump or to the vapour content in the suction flow being too high. Reduce the temperature of the fluid being pumped and check the NPSH. If the unit is misaligned, it must be realigned. If there is air trapped in the system, bleed the system. If the differential pressure at the pressure gate is too high, check the pressure loss in the system. It may also be because the suction-side valve is closed. This must be opened.
Check whether the suction-side valve is closed and, if necessary, open it again. If the suction pipe is blocked, check and clean the pipe and the filter. The motor may be rotating in the wrong direction. Check the direction of rotation and, if necessary, swap two phases. The pump has not been primed or vented. Prime the pump and suction pipe, then vent the pump until clear water flows out.
The system pump pressure is too low. Fit a throttle valve in the pressure pipe.
There may be debris in the suction inlet. Clean the suction connection. If any internal parts are worn, they must be replaced. There may be a leak in the system or air/gas present in the system. Check for leaks and seal the leak, then vent the system. Air pockets must be prevented from forming in the pipework. Modify the pipework accordingly and fit a vent valve. If the pump is incorrectly sized, replace it or, if it is operating at an incorrect operating point, correct this. The motor may be rotating in the wrong direction or running on two phases. Correct the direction of rotation and check the electrical connections; check the fuse and replace it if necessary. If the speed is too low, check the voltage. When operating with a frequency converter, the frequency must be increased. If cavitation is occurring, check the temperature of the fluid and cool the fluid. It may also be that the suction head is too high or the discharge head is too low. Check the liquid level in the tank, open the suction-side valve and clean the filter in the suction pipe.
This may be because the pump is contaminated or has limescale build-up. Dismantle, rinse, clean and descale the pump. If the density of the fluid being pumped is too high, this may also cause the power consumption to be too high. It may also be that the impeller is rubbing against the pressure stage. Dismantle the pump and rectify the cause. The speed must be reduced if it is too high.
One or both phases of the power supply may be interrupted. This must be checked and rectified by a qualified electrician. If the motor circuit breaker has tripped, it must be reset. The motor may become jammed. Check the motor and clear any blockages. Faulty motor bearings must be replaced. The problem may also lie with the pump. Contaminants and foreign objects can cause the pump to seize up. These must be removed from the pump and the pump cleaned. If the impeller is calcified, descale the pump accordingly. Under no circumstances must the pumped medium freeze. Should this happen, carefully warm the pump and defrost it. If the pump bearings are faulty, dismantle the pump and replace the faulty parts or repair them.
The fluid enters the impeller cells and the side channel via the suction inlet. There, the fluid is accelerated by the rotating impeller. Centrifugal force causes the fluid to move back and forth between the cells of the impeller and the side channel. This results in a transfer of energy. Through the discharge port, the fluid enters either the next stage or the pump’s discharge connection. The centrifugal effect separates air and liquids. The fluid collects in the outer region of the impeller cells and the side channel. The gas remains in the inner region of the impeller hub. Through the gas channel in the hub region, the air is conveyed to the next stage or to the discharge connection. Through this channel, a side-channel pump can evacuate a suction pipe and is self-priming. The gas content in the fluid can therefore be up to 50 per cent. However, the pump is only self-priming if it is filled with the fluid once and there is always sufficient fluid present in the pump.
This may be because the motor is overloaded. The operating point has been exceeded and must be adjusted. If the motor or pump is blocked, the motor will not start. The motor windings must be checked if there is a short circuit in the motor windings. If the motor protection switch is incorrectly set or faulty, the settings must be checked and the motor protection switch replaced. If the pump’s back pressure is lower than specified, this may also cause the motor protection to trip. The pump’s operating point must be maintained.
The motor speed is too low and must be increased. Contact the manufacturer for this. If friction losses are too high, increase the pipe cross-sections. The internal parts may be worn; the affected components must be replaced. In the event of cavitation, adjust the inlet conditions and check the suction-side valves and filters. If the direction of rotation is incorrect, reverse the motor’s polarity. If there is air or gas in the system, it must be vented. If the operating pressure is incorrect or the back pressure is too high, check and adjust the operating point and clean the pipework. If the system’s pressure head loss is lower than specified, adjust it by throttling the pressure pipe or by fitting an orifice plate or nozzle.
The flow of the operating fluid may be too high. In this case, it must be reduced. If there are stresses on the pipework system, check the pipework connections, the pump mounting and the spacing between the pipe clamps. If an air pocket forms in the pipework, alter the pipework routing. If the pump is under tension or misaligned, check the alignment and re-align the pump. In the event of resonance vibrations in the pipework system, check the pipework connections and use expansion joints where necessary. If there are deposits on the impeller, clean the impeller or replace it if necessary. If the pump or motor bearings are defective, they must be replaced.
In addition to handling dry gases, liquid-ring vacuum pumps are also very well suited to handling moist gases and vapours, thanks to the operating fluid they require. The pump can also handle liquid components up to a certain proportion.
The pump has no working fluid; check the working fluid supply. There is a leak in the suction pipe. Check the pipe and connections and seal any leaks. If the motor is rotating in the wrong direction, check the direction of rotation and, if necessary, swap two phases. When operating with a magnetic coupling, it is possible that the coupling may come apart. Switch off the motor and restart the pump once it has come to a standstill.
If a shaft seal or a seal housing is fitted and these are defective, they must be replaced. If the casing seal is defective, the vacuum pump must be resealed. If there is wear on any casing parts, the affected components must be replaced. If any connecting or locking screws are loose, tighten the screws and replace the seals.
There may be a leak in the system. Check the system and seal any leaks. If the flow of operating fluid is too high or too low, reduce or increase the flow. If the operating fluid becomes too hot, it must be cooled. If there is a leak in the suction line, check the line and connections and seal them if necessary. If the motor is rotating in the wrong direction, check the direction of rotation and, if necessary, swap two phases. If the motor speed is too low, increase it and contact the manufacturer. If the gas or liquid passages are calcified, the pump must be descaled, dismantled and cleaned. Worn internal parts must be replaced. If the liquid discharge flow is too low, check the liquid discharge pipe and connections for blockages. If the pump is incorrectly sized, replace the pump.
If the motor becomes overloaded, check or reduce the flow of operating fluid. If the back pressure at the pressure connection is too high, it must be reduced. If the proportion of liquid in the suction flow is too high, reduce this proportion. The suction-side valve must be opened if it is closed. If the density or viscosity of the operating fluid is too high, use an operating fluid with a density as specified in the data sheet. To do this, contact the manufacturer. The impeller is rubbing against the guide disc or guide hub. Dismantle the pump and adjust the clearance between the control disc and the impeller, or between the control hub and the impeller, to the correct value. If there is contamination or limescale build-up in the pump, flush, descale, dismantle and clean it. The motor may be operating at the wrong mains voltage or frequency. Check the connection and compare it with the motor specifications.
This may be due to either the motor or the pump. One or both phases of the motor’s power supply are interrupted. Check the power supply and the motor. If the motor circuit breaker has tripped, reset it. The motor must be checked if it is seized. If the motor bearing is faulty, it must be replaced. The pump may be blocked due to corrosion on the impeller, the control disc or the impeller/control hub. Remove any blockages in the pump using a rust-dissolving agent. If ice has formed in the pump (frozen operating fluid), carefully heat the pump to defrost it. Contaminants and foreign objects in the pump can be removed by flushing, dismantling and cleaning the pump. If limescale has built up in the pump, it must be descaled. If the impeller is jammed, the correct clearance between the control disc and the impeller or between the control hub and the impeller must be adjusted. If the impeller is defective, it must be replaced.
In a liquid-ring vacuum pump, an impeller rotates within a housing assembly. When the pump is filled up to the centre of the shaft, rotation creates what is known as a liquid ring against the surrounding housing. Combined with the eccentric arrangement of the impeller, this results in a chamber forming between the impeller blades and the impeller hub during operation. The size of the chamber varies depending on its position. Through openings in the end casing elements, gas is fed into the chamber as it expands and is forced out of the impeller as the chamber contracts.
This may be due to a short circuit in the motor winding. Check the motor winding accordingly. If the motor protection switch is incorrectly set or faulty, check the settings or replace the motor protection switch. If the motor is overloaded, check or reduce the flow of operating fluid. If the back pressure at the discharge connection is too high, reduce the back pressure. If the liquid content in the suction flow is too high, the liquid content must be reduced.
If cavitation occurs in the pump, either fit a cavitation protection pipe or incorporate a vent valve into the suction pipe. If the vapour content in the suction flow is too high, reduce the vapour content or condense it upstream of the pump. If the suction-side valve is closed, open the valve or fit a cavitation protection device. If the flow of the working fluid is too high, reduce the flow. If the speed is too high, reduce the speed and contact the manufacturer. When operating with a magnetic coupling, the coupling may come apart. Switch off the motor and restart the pump once it has come to a standstill.
The screw connections and grease lubrication must be checked regularly. In addition, the running noise must be checked.
The pump valves must be closed. The pump and any pipes at risk of freezing must be drained in good time before the frost sets in. The plug on the pump must be removed.
There is no voltage at the terminal blocks. Check the power supply (circuit, main switch, fuses). Also check the motor protection switch and RCD. If the motor protection switch has tripped, check that the correct setting is in place. Determine the correct value (I_nom) from the motor nameplate. Reset the motor protection switch if necessary. Contact a qualified electrician if this problem occurs frequently.
The suction pipe is leaking. Repair or clean the pipe. If the foot valve or non-return valve is faulty, the components must be replaced. The foot valve is stuck in the open position. Clean or replace the foot valve.
The pump shaft is faulty. Replace the shaft and seals. The coupling is loose. Tighten the connecting bolts to the recommended torque.
The coupling may have been fitted incorrectly. The coupling must be fitted in a parallel position. The pump is not filled with fluid. Fill the pump and bleed it. If there is no or insufficient fluid supply to the pump, ensure an adequate supply of fluid. Check and repair the pipework. If the bearings of the pump and/or motor are faulty, replace the bearings. The current NPSH value is too high, resulting in cavitation. The suction conditions must be improved. The pump is not operating within its operating range. Adjust the system to ensure operation within the operating range or select a suitable pump. Internal deposits or blockages in the pump. Clean the pump and its components. The pump is standing on an uneven surface. Level the surface or secure the pump firmly to the base.
The shaft seal may be worn or damaged. Check the pump for contaminants and replace the shaft seal. If the mechanical seal is stuck in a new pump, open and close the pressure valve quickly whilst the pump is running. An incorrectly fitted shaft seal must be fitted correctly. Use soap and water as a lubricant for this. The elastomer may be damaged by the pumped medium. Use suitable elastomers for the shaft seal. The pressure inside the pump may be too high. Use suitable shaft seal combinations. The pump shaft must be replaced if it is damaged. If the pump runs dry, the shaft seal must be replaced. It is also possible that the axial clearance is set incorrectly. The axial clearance must be set correctly.
The pump draws in the fluid through the suction port. The fluid is pumped upwards through the stages, consisting of the impeller and the volute. It is then channelled between the stages and the pump casing to the outside of the pump and discharged into the discharge pipe via the discharge port. The suction strainer, if fitted, filters out coarse contaminants. The motor’s drive shaft is rigidly connected to the pump shaft. The motor is secured to the pump via the drive lantern.
The O-ring may be worn. In this case, it must be replaced. The O-ring is not resistant to the pumped medium. Replace the O-ring and use one made from a suitable material. The pump has not been installed in a stress-free manner. To rectify this, depressurise the pump and the pipework, support the connections and, if necessary, fit expansion joints.
The suction and/or discharge valve is closed. Open the shut-off valves. There is air in the pump or pipework. Bleed the air from the pump and install the suction pipework so that it rises towards the pump. No or insufficient inlet flow. Increase the inlet pressure. Incorrect direction of rotation: swap L1 and L2 on the three-phase power supply. If the suction pipe has not been vented, vent it. Repair the suction pipe if the pump is drawing in air due to a leak in the suction pipe. The diameter of the suction pipe is too small and must be increased. The flow rate of the water meter in the supply pipe is too low. The water meter must be replaced with a larger one. If the foot valve is blocked, it must be cleaned. If the pump or pump components are blocked or obstructed by contaminants, the pump and pump components must be cleaned. If the O-ring is not resistant to the pumped medium, it must be replaced with an O-ring made of a suitable material.
The delivery pressure is too high; reduce the pressure drop and increase the flow cross-section. There is insufficient cooling airflow from the motor to the roller bearing. Replace the motor fan and fit additional external fans. The casing cover is insulated; this must be removed. If the pump is heavily encased or modified, ensure adequate ventilation. Observe the limit values for the viscosity of the pumped medium to ensure that it is not too high. When the pressure-side valves are closed, maintain the minimum flow rate and fit a bypass on the pressure side. If the temperature of the pumped medium is too high, allow the pumped medium to cool down.
If cavitation occurs in the pump, reduce the temperature of the pumped medium and check the NPSH. The vapour content in the suction flow is too high; reduce the temperature of the pumped medium and check the NPSH. If the unit is misaligned, realign it. Vent the system if there is air trapped in it. If the shaft bearing is faulty, it must be replaced. Open the suction-side valve if it is closed. The differential pressure at the pressure gate is too high; check the pressure losses in the system.
If the suction-side valve is closed, it must be opened. If the suction line is blocked, check and clean the line and filter. If the motor is rotating in the wrong direction, check the direction of rotation and, if necessary, swap two phases. The pressure-side volute casing may have casting defects. In this case, the casing must be replaced. The heat transfer fluid is contaminated with oil, which has a low boiling point. The heat transfer fluid must be replaced. If the pump has not been filled or has not been vented (in the case of the thermal oil version), the pump must be filled and the pump and pipework must be vented.
The system pump pressure is too low. Fit a throttle valve on the pressure side.
If the suction inlet is contaminated, the suction connection must be cleaned. Worn internal parts must be removed and replaced. If there is a volatile substance in the heat transfer fluid, it must be boiled out. A leak in the system may also be the cause. Check the system and seal any leaks. If there is air or gas in the system, it must be vented. If air pockets form in the pipework, modify the pipework and fit a vent valve. If the pump is incorrectly sized, replace it with a new one. The pipework must be resized if the pump is incorrectly sized. If the back pressure is too high, the impeller diameter must be increased and the speed raised (in variable frequency drive operation). If the direction of rotation is incorrect, the motor’s polarity must be reversed. If the speed is too low, either the frequency must be increased (in variable frequency drive operation) or the voltage checked (without a variable frequency drive). If the motor is running on two phases, the faulty fuse must be replaced and the wiring connections checked. If the pump is operating at the wrong operating point, adjust the operating point accordingly and check the design data, the impeller diameter and the speed. If cavitation occurs in the pump, check the temperature of the pumped medium and cool the pumped medium. If the suction head is too high or the inlet head too low (NPSH system/pump), check the liquid level in the tank, open the suction-side valve and clean the filter in the suction pipe.
This may be due to contaminants in the pump. Flush, clean and, if necessary, dismantle the pump. If the density or viscosity of the fluid being pumped is too high, use a fluid with a density as specified in the data sheet. Contact the manufacturer. If the speed is too high, it must be reduced.
This may be due to either the motor or the pump. One or both phases of the power supply are interrupted. Check the power supply and the motor. The motor circuit breaker has tripped. Reset the motor circuit breaker. If the motor is seized, it must be checked. If the motor bearing is faulty, it must be replaced. If the pump is blocked by dirt or foreign objects, flush, dismantle and clean the pump. If the pump bearing is faulty, dismantle the pump and replace the faulty parts.
Heat transfer pumps are centrifugal pumps used as fluid-handling machines for conveying liquids. The fluid flows in an axial direction. The radially mounted blades of the impeller divert the axially inflowing liquid and force it into a circular path. Within the volute casing, the liquid emerging from the impeller is channelled in a spiral towards the discharge port. Closed, semi-open or open impellers can be used. The different impellers allow a variety of liquids to be pumped. Centrifugal pumps are not self-priming and must be filled with the fluid before commissioning.
The motor is overloaded because the specified operating point is not being maintained. If the motor or pump becomes blocked, the motor will be unable to start. Check the motor windings for a short circuit. The motor protection switch may be incorrectly set or faulty. Check the settings or replace the motor protection switch. If the pump’s back pressure is lower than specified, ensure the operating point is maintained and, if necessary, trim the impeller.
The motor speed is too low; increase the speed and contact the manufacturer. If the direction of rotation is incorrect, the motor’s polarity must be reversed. Worn internal parts must be replaced. If cavitation occurs within the pump, check the inlet conditions, the gate valve, the suction side and the filter. The pump must be vented if air or gas is present in the system. If the pump is operating at the wrong operating point, the operating point must be adjusted accordingly. Check the design data, the impeller diameter and the speed. The system’s head loss is lower than specified. Adjust accordingly by throttling the discharge pipe or fitting an orifice plate/nozzle. In the case of thermal oil systems, flow separation may occur due to light-boiling components in the heat transfer fluid. Boil off the light-boiling components and separate them continuously. If the friction losses are too high, increase the pipe cross-sections. If the back pressure is too high, check the operating pressure and clean the pipework.
The pump may be experiencing cavitation. Check the temperature of the fluid being pumped. Open the suction-side valve if it is closed. If there is a vacuum in the suction pipe, check the pipe and switch off the motor using the vacuum switch. If air is entering the suction pipe, seal the pipe and raise the liquid level in the tank. If the discharge pressure is too high, reduce the pressure.
The housing seal may be faulty. The unit must be resealed. If the connecting bolts have come loose, retighten them and replace the seals if necessary. If the split housing is faulty, the unit must be replaced.
If the suction inlet is contaminated, the suction connection must be cleaned. If internal parts are worn, the unit must be replaced. If the system has a leak, check the system and seal the leaks. If the unit is incorrectly sized, it must be replaced. If cavitation occurs in the unit, check the temperature of the fluid being pumped and allow it to cool down. If the filter resistance is too high, check and clean the filter. The suction head is too high or the inlet head is too low. Check the liquid level in the tank, open the suction-side valve and clean the filter in the suction pipe. If the suction resistance is too high, modify the suction pipe (cross-section, length, bends). The motor has reached its temperature limit and is automatically reducing its output. Check the installation location and ensure adequate cooling air flow.
The pressure-side fitting is closed. Ensure the minimum flow rate is maintained and fit a bypass on the pressure side. If the viscosity of the fluid is too high, observe the limit values. If the temperature of the fluid is too high, allow the fluid to cool down. The motor will no longer start. Allow the motor to cool down completely, disconnect the electrical connection and reconnect it. Ensure adequate cooling.
Friction losses are too high. Increase the pipe cross-sections. The back pressure is too high. Check the operating point and clean the pipe. The motor has reached its temperature limit and is automatically reducing its output. Check the installation location and ensure there is sufficient cooling air.
If the suction-side valve is closed, it must be opened. If the suction pipe is blocked, the pipe and the filter must be checked and cleaned. The unit has not been vented. Vent the unit, then fill the unit and the suction pipe.
This may be due to either the motor or the pump. If the power supply to the motor is interrupted, check the power supply and the motor. If the control electronics are faulty, replace the unit. If the pump is frozen (due to the fluid having solidified), the unit must be carefully warmed and defrosted. If there is contamination or foreign matter in the pump, flush, dismantle and clean the unit.
An external gear pump has involute gearing. In this design, two gears rotate within a housing. The housing is fitted with a suction and a discharge connection. One of these gears is driven by a motor. The fluid is transported in the spaces between the teeth of the gears and the housing. Gear pumps are very robust due to their simple design. Gear pumps are self-priming.
There may be a short circuit in the control electronics, in which case the unit will need to be replaced. If the motor protection switch is set incorrectly or is faulty, check the settings and replace the motor protection switch.
The system’s outlet pressure is too low. Fit a throttle valve on the pressure side.
These are units designed for automatic water supply. The Speckmat is a compact automatic unit comprising a non-return valve, a circuit board, dry-run protection and a push-button for restarting. The unit has been developed for water delivery at a constant pressure. It prevents the pump from running dry and avoids water hammer. It requires neither a gas cushion nor any prior adjustment and has a water reserve to prevent the pump from switching on should a tap drip. The Speckmatswitch switches the pump on at a pressure of 2.2 bar. The pump switches off flow-dependently when water consumption falls below 0.6 l/min. However, there must be a minimum pressure difference of 0.5 bar between switch-on and switch-off.
The cause may be a faulty circuit board on the Speckmat. Furthermore, the pump may be blocked, there may be a power cut, or the power connections may have been swapped (mains/motor).
The following causes may be responsible for the ‘Speckmat’ fault. The circuit board may be faulty or the upper flow indicator may be blocked. The reset button may be locked, or the pump may not be generating sufficient pressure. Regardless of the specific unit, there may be a leak or loss of > 0.6 l/min.
Either the circuit board on the Speckmat is faulty, or the pump is not generating sufficient pressure. Regardless of the specific unit, there may be a leak or loss of more than 0.6 l/min.
The circuit board on the Speckmat may be faulty, or the pump may be generating a pressure below the restart pressure. The diaphragm may also be faulty. Regardless of the specific unit, there may either be a lack of water or the flow rate may be too low.
Please feel free to contact our customer service team directly with your specific enquiry, or submit a service request using our form.